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All the stages of an organism’s life Seed: Each seed contains a plant embryo. Each seed contains food for the embryo. The food helps the embryo survive during the time it cannot make its own food. A tough outer case protects the embryo Germinate: Seeds do not always germinate right away; they can wait for extensive periods of time to grow. When a seed germinates, it begins to grow. A seed needs water, nutrients and the right temperature to grow. Seedling: After the seed germinates, it grows into a young plant called a seedling. It looks like its parent because of heredity. Color and size (height and weight) are examples of heredity. Stages of the Life Cycle: Seeds germinate into a plant. The plant grows, develops, reproduces and then dies. How Are Seeds Made? Flowering Plants sunflower, tulips, marigold, lily, jasmine, rose, lotus, hibiscus, Petunia, daisy, water lilies Conifers pine, fir, spruce, evergreen FLOWERING PLANTS Female parts: -- makes the eggs that become seeds. Male parts: -- makes pollen, which is the powdery material that is needed by the eggs to make seeds. Eggs + Pollen = Seeds FLOWERING PLANTS Eggs + Pollen = Seeds Wind Insects (bees/birds) Animals Nectar = sugary liquid in flowers. While the animals drink the nectar, pollen rubs off on their bodies. When they move to other flowers, some of the pollen is transferred to female flower parts. Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant 2. A new plant grows. 1. A seed might become a new plant. 3. The plant is an adult. 4. The plant flowers. Insects, wind, or animals carry pollen to eggs. 5. Flowers become fruits with seeds. Conifers • Some plants do not have leaves; they have needles or brushes. • There are two kinds of cones: ***small pollen cones ***large seed cones Wind blows pollen from small to large cone. Pollen + large cone = Seed Pollen + large Conifer Cone = Seed • Seed grows inside a large cone. • When seeds are ripe, they fall to the ground. • Each seed has the ability to germinate and eventually grow into a tree. Life Cycle of a Conifer 2. A new tree grows. 1. Ripe seeds from a large cone germinate in the soil. 3. It makes two kinds of cones.. 4. Pollen from the small cone falls on the larger cone. 5. This larger cone grows with seeds Inside. Ripe seeds fall to the ground. What Other Ways Do Plants Reproduce? • Seeds • Cuttings: pieces of the plant that was cut off from the original. When placed in water, new roots will grow. (i.e., perennials such as salvias, geraniums, asters and dianthus, as well as roses, heathers, hydrangeas and more) What Other Ways Do Plants Reproduce? • Bulb: an underground stem (i.e., onion) • Tuber: an underground stem (i.e., potato) What Other Ways Do Plants Reproduce? • Spores: not as tough as seeds and does not have a food supply but if it gets light, water, and nutrients, it can grow into a new plant. (i.e., mosses and ferns)