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INTERGROUP RELATIONS AND PREJUDICE, AUGUST 29, 2014 OBJECTIVE We will explain how stereotypes and prejudice develop. We will also explore how prejudice and stereotypes can be resolved. Prejudice: A positive or negative (but generally negative) attitude formed about other because of their membership in a group Aversive Racism: When people may not consider themselves racist but still hold negative attitudes towards members of ‘minority groups’ Stereotypes the cognitive component of prejudices and discrimination…oversimplification Discrimination: behavior that affects members of a targeted group B. Stereotypes can bias attention because people often look for information that will confirm a stereotype. Stereotypes also affect how behavior is interpreted. Correll, Park, Judd, and Wittenbrink (2002) found that White participants involved in a videogame simulation were faster to judge if a Black target was armed with a weapon than to judge if a White target was armed. Results also showed that more errors in judgment were made with Black targets. These results demonstrate the effects of race on weapon misperception. Sexism: prejudice directed at women because of their gender. Benevolent sexism reflects a positive but paternalistic attitude toward women, while hostile sexism reflects negative attitudes toward women who do not exhibit the traditional female stereotype. DISCUSS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkpUyB2xgTM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TC1nRepRSxo 1)Write your reactions to these videos: how do you think young kids learned these associations? 2)What do you think are the social consequences of these associations? 3) Think about conversations with your parents or grandparents…how do you think things have changed with regards to race? What hasn’t changed? 4) Do you agree with the researchers about why there were differences between white and African American responses? HOW DO WE LEARN PREJUDICE? 1) Classical conditioning: Neutral stimulus paired with a stimulus that elicits a response so that in time the neutral stimulus by itself elicits a similar response 2) Instrumental Conditioning: Rewards by a peer group for prejudiced behavior/attitudes 3) Modeling COGNITIVE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH PREJUDICE 1) Ingroup favoritism and outgroup bias 2) Outgroup homogeneity effect: when you don’t see individual differences among an ‘outgroup’ 3) Stereotyping: schemas about entire groups of people 4) Scapegoating: blaming 5) Ethnocentrism: own ethnic, racial, national group is the best REDUCING PREJUDICE 1) CONTACT HYPOTHESIS: this can reduce stereotypes, but needs to be based in cooperation and interdependence, not competition 2) Focus on the individual…not the color of their skin…’colorblind’…use people’s names when describing them, not their group identity 3) Antidiscrimination policies DOL Apply your understanding of how prejudice and stereotypes develop and can be resolved to analyze an issue (racism, sexism, homophobia, etc). In your school community is this a problem, and if so, what would be an effective plan to address it?