Download What is the primary function of DNA? Holds the information needed

1. What is the primary function of DNA?
Holds the information needed to make protei
DNA and Protein Synthesis
1. Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest: chromosome, DNA, and gene.
DNA, gene, chromosome
2. List the three parts that make up a DNA nucleotide.
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogen base (A,T,C, or G)
3. What is the process of making an exact copy of DNA called?
replication
4. Where is DNA found?
The nucleus of the cell
5. Where are proteins made?
Ribosomes
6. How does the code from DNA get to the site of protein production?
Transcription – a copy is made of a segment of DNA by RNA, a strand of mRNA brings
this copy out of the nucleus and to the ribosomes to be read
7. List the three parts that make up a RNA nucleotide.
Ribose, phosphate group, nitrogen base (A,U, G, or C)
8. How are the nitrogen bases different in DNA and RNA?
DNA - adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine
RNA - adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil
9. The process copying a segment of DNA using RNA to carry the message out of the nucleus
is called ________________________.
Transcription
10. What is a codon?
A set of three nitrogen bases that code for a certain amino acid
11. The process of reading the mRNA code to make an amino acid sequence is called
_________________.
Translation
12. What is the job of tRNA?
Brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome during translation
13. What is an anticodon?
The set of three nitrogen bases on tRNA that compliment the codon on the mRNA
14. When does translation stop?
When a stop codon is reached
15. What type of bonds hold amino acids together?
Peptide bonds
16. What is a mutation?
An error in the DNA or mRNA sequence
17. What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?
Point – one nucleotide is replaced with an incorrect one
Frameshift – one nucleotide is completely omitted causing the codon sets to be shifted
and read incorrectly
Be able to identify cells in each of the stages in mitosis.
Be able to label the parts of a DNA molecule.
Be able to identify the structures involved in translation. (pg 308)
Be able to translate an mRNA sequence (try the Quick Lab on page 310)
1. Ser – arg – glu – phe – ser
2. AGA GCA, CUU, AAA, AGG
3. AGAGCACTTAAAAGG
4. TCTCGTGAATTTTCC