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Human Systems Review
Science Department
Science Standards: 9 a-e, 10a-e
Ms. Martinez
Nervous System, 9b
1. Which two body systems are
involved with sending signals to
help the body maintain
homeostasis?
1. Which two body systems are
involved with sending signals to
help the body maintain
homeostasis?
Nervous and Endocrine
2. Which of the 2 systems
listed above primarily uses
chemical signals to
communicate?
2. Which of the 2 systems
listed above primarily uses
chemical signals to
communicate?
Endocrine
3. Which uses both
electrical and chemical
signals to communicate?
3. Which uses both
electrical and chemical
signals to communicate?
Nervous system
4.
What does it
illustrate?
does this require
thinking?
Refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1
4.
What does it
illustrate?
does this require thinking?
Refer to Figure 1.
-Reflex Arc
-No
5. Use numbers 1-6 to put the following
steps of a reflex arc in order.
The situation involves touching a
hot stove.

1. receptor in skin
stimulated by intense
heat
 2. impulses carried
from receptor to the
spinal cord by a
sensory neuron


3. sensory neuron
connects with an
interneuron which
connects with a motor
neuron in the spinal
cord
4. motor neuron sends
impulses to the muscles
of the arm

5. impulses tells
muscles to contract
and pull your arm
away
 6. impulses reach the
brain and inform you
of what happened
Nervous System, 9e
1. What is a neuron?
1. What is a neuron?
Basic cell of the nervous system
2. What type of neuron
shown in Figure 2?
2. What type of neuron
shown in Figure 2?
Motor
3. Label each part of the
neuron:
3. Label each part of the
neuron:
C. Nucleus
A. Axon Terminal
D. Cell Body
B. Myelin Sheath
E. Axon
F. Dendrites
4. What are 2 examples
of effectors?
4. What are 2 examples
of effectors?
Muscles and Glands
5. Which neurons send
signals to muscles?
5. Which neurons send
signals to muscles?
Motor
6. Which neurons send and
receive signals from your
eyes or tongue?
6. Which neurons send and
receive signals from your
eyes or tongue?
Sensory
7. Which neurons carry the
signals from the sensory
neurons to your brain?
7. Which neurons carry the
signals from the sensory
neurons to your brain?
Interneurons
8. Refer to Figure 1. Identify
each type of neuron.
A. Sensory
C.
Interneuron
B. Motor
9. Which type of matter is
described below?
GREY OR WHITE
Grey Matter
White Matter
9. Which type of matter is
described below?
GREY OR WHITE
a. shaped like an H, includes sensory,
motor, and interneurons Grey
b. contains cell bodies Grey
c. contains axons that run together in
bundles called tracts. White
Nervous System, 9d
10. Use the words listed below to
fill in the sentences describing a
nerve impulse:
Nerve Impulse

A. A neuron at rest has a negative charge
Inside
positive
__________
and a ________
charge on
the outside.

B. When a neuron is stimulated by
another neuron or the environment an
impulse
__________
begins.

C. This impulse triggers gates
_______ to
open.

Sodium,
D. Positively charged ________
ions
begin to flow into the neuron through
these gates.
Na+

E. The influx of sodium ions causes the
inside of the cell to switch from a
negative charge to a positive charge.
________

F. This reversal of charge is known as the
action
__________
potential.

Potassium, K+ channels
G. In response, ____________
positively
open allowing ______________
charged
potassium ions to flow out.

H. The exit of the positively charged
potassium ions causes the inside to
become negative again restoring the
resting
_________
potential.

I. Once the impulse
reaches the axon
terminal it causes
vesicles to release
_______________.
neurotransmitters

J. These neurotransmitters will travel
synapse
from the neuron across the _________,
a gap between two neurons, and bind to
receptors
____________
on the neighboring
neuron.

K. This then ___________ an impulse in
the next cell.
triggers
Endocrine System, 9b
11. The Endocrine system is
glands
made up of _________________
that release their products into
the bloodstream.
12. What are chemical
messengers that alter the
activities of cells in other
parts of the body called?
Hormones
13. What are cells that have
receptors for a particular
hormone called?
Target Cells
14.
Identify
each gland.
Refer to Figure 2.
A. Hypothalamus/
Pituitary
F. Thymus
F.
B. Pancreas
C. Adrenal—
”Emergency”
D. Ovaries (female)
E. Testis (male)
15. What is the “Master”
gland of the Endocrine
system?
Pituitary gland
16. What gland controls
the “Master” gland?
Hypothalamus
17. Refer to #15 and #16.
Where are these glands
located in the body?
Lower Brain
18. Which “gland” is not
part of the endocrine
system?
Sweat gland
19. Fill in the table to the
right with the correct gland.
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovary
Testis
Endocrine System, 9c
Feedback
21. _________________
loops involve
the nervous system, endocrine system,
circulatory
and ____________
system.
*The circulatory system carries the
target
hormones to the __________
cells where
they are needed.
regulate
*Feedback loops ____________
conditions in the body.
22. What pancreatic
hormone would you
expect to find at HIGH
levels in the blood of
someone who has just
eaten a large meal?
INSULIN
___________________
which gland secretes this
pancreas
hormone?________
23. What pancreatic
hormone would you expect
to find at HIGH levels in the
blood of someone who has
just completed a 10 km
GLUCAGON
run?________________
*which gland secretes this
Pancreas
hormone?______________
24. Feedback inhibition occurs
when high levels of a
substance inhibit the process
that produces the substance.
This is similar to the way what
object regulates the
temperature in a house?
24. Feedback inhibition occurs when
high levels of a substance inhibit the
process that produces the substance.
This is similar to the way what object
regulates the temperature in a
house?
THERMOSTAT
In humans the hypothalamus acts like
the thermostat of feedback systems
and the endocrine glands act like the
heater or air conditioner.
25. “The more stimulation a
gland receives the more hormone
is produced.” Which type of
Feedback system does this
statement describe?
Positive
26. List a hormone that
is an example of #25.
Oxytocin
Immune System, 10d
27. What are
pathogens?
Disease causing agents
28. List 2 examples of
pathogens:
Bacteria, Viruses,
Fungi
29. What are antigens?
Foreign substances; they
are attached to pathogens
30. Based on the
statements below, identify
each structure as
B (bacteria) or V (virus):
B (bacteria) or V (virus):

a. a non living, infectious particle
composed of a nucleic acid and a protein
coat.
Virus
B (bacteria) or V (virus):

b. antibiotics are effective in destroying
them.
Bacteria
B (bacteria) or V (virus):

c. antibiotics are ineffective in destroying
them.
Virus
B (bacteria) or V (virus):

d. reproduce by the Lytic cycle or
Lysogenic cycles
Virus
B (bacteria) or V (virus):

e. Figure 3
Virus
B (bacteria) or V (virus):

f. organisms with a full cellular structure
Bacteria
Immune System, 10a, 10b antibodies
31. What serves as a physical
barrier to prevent the passage
of many disease-causing
microorganisms?
Skin
Cuts
____________
32.
and
___________
compromise
abrasions
the skin’s ability to act as a
physical barrier.
33. What are immune responses
that do not distinguish between
one pathogen and another
called?
Nonspecific
Defenses
34. In addition to the skin,
what are 3 other body’s 1st
line of defenses?
Mucous, sweat,
tears, saliva,
stomach acid
35. What is the
Inflammatory response?
Reaction to tissue damage
caused by injury or infection:
Redness, swelling, pus, pain,
fever
36. What does the body’s
third line of defense
against infection include?
Specific Defense
Ex antibodies, T cells
37. What are antibodies?
Y-shaped proteins that
recognize and bind to
antigens.
38. Which type of blood
cells are released during an
infection?
White Blood cells
Immune System, 10c
33. If you get the polio vaccine
and later get exposed to polio,
why don't you become ill?
When you receive a vaccine,
the body makes antibodies so
the next time the body
encounters the virus, it
remembers and the antibodies
respond quickly.
Immune System, 10e
34. HIV causes AIDS by
attacking and destroying
T
Helper ________
cells.
Digestive System, Circulatory System, Respiratory System—
35.
Nutrients are broken down in and
absorbed by the
digestive
__________
(digestive/circulatory) system while
the ________________(
circulatory/digestive)
circulatory
system transports and distributes the
nutrients to the cells through out the
body.
36. I n order for cellular
respiration to occur, producing
ATP
CO
______(
ATP/O ) and ________
(ADP/CO ) waste in the human body,
oxygen is distributed by the
blood to the cells.
2
2
2
37. The two systems are involved in the
removal of carbon dioxide from the
body are:
(1)respiratory; and
circulatory
(2) ________________________
(digestive/circulatory).
STUDY!!!