Download Xylem and phloem make up the big transportation system of

ROOTS
Xylem and phloem make up the big transportation system of vascular
plants. As you get bigger, it is more difficult to transport nutrients, water,
and sugars around your body. You have a circulatory system if you want to
keep growing. As plants evolved to be larger, they also developed their
own kind of circulatory systems. The main parts you will hear a lot about
are called xylem and phloem.
It all starts with a top and a bottom. Logically, it makes sense. Trees and
other vascular plants have a top and a bottom. The top has a trunk,
branches, leaves, or needles. The bottom is a system of roots. Each needs
the other to survive. The roots hold the plant steady and grab moisture
and nutrients from the soil. The top is in the light, conducting
photosynthesis and helping the plant reproduce. You have to connect the
two parts. That is the purpose of the stem.
DIAGRAM 1.
ROOTS
DIAGRAM 2.
DIAGRAM 3.
STEMS
Xylem and phloem make up the big transportation system of vascular
plants. As you get bigger, it is more difficult to transport nutrients, water,
and sugars around your body. You have a circulatory system if you want to
keep growing. As plants evolved to be larger, they also developed their
own kind of circulatory systems. The main parts you will hear a lot about
are called xylem and phloem.
It all starts with a top and a bottom. Logically, it makes sense. Trees and
other vascular plants have a top and a bottom. The top has a trunk,
branches, leaves, or needles. The bottom is a system of roots. Each needs
the other to survive. The roots hold the plant steady and grab moisture
and nutrients from the soil. The top is in the light, conducting
photosynthesis and helping the plant reproduce. You have to connect the
two parts. That is the purpose of the stem.
DIAGRAM 1.
DIAGRAM 2.
LEAVES
Xylem and phloem make up the big transportation system of vascular
plants. As you get bigger, it is more difficult to transport nutrients, water,
and sugars around your body. You have a circulatory system if you want to
keep growing. As plants evolved to be larger, they also developed their
own kind of circulatory systems. The main parts you will hear a lot about
are called xylem and phloem.
It all starts with a top and a bottom. Logically, it makes sense. Trees and
other vascular plants have a top and a bottom. The top has a trunk,
branches, leaves, or needles. The bottom is a system of roots. Each needs
the other to survive. The roots hold the plant steady and grab moisture
and nutrients from the soil. The top is in the light, conducting
photosynthesis and helping the plant reproduce. You have to connect the
two parts. That is the purpose of the stem.
DIAGRAM 1.
DIAGRAM 2.
MONOCOTS vs DICOTS
Flowering plants are divided into monocots (or monocotyledons) and
dicots (or dicotyledons). Seeds have their own leaves called cotyledons.
The image below shows a dissected seed (plant embryo).
DIAGRAM 1.
They are further grouped based on the morphological differences in the
leaves, stems, flowers and fruits of monocots and dicots.
DIAGRAM 2.
MONOCOTS vs DICOTS
Plant A
MONOCOTS vs DICOTS
Plant B
GYMNOSPERMS vs ANGIOSPERMS
Gymnosperms and angiosperms are groups of plants that have vascular
tissue. As plants evolved to be larger, they also developed their own kind
of circulatory systems to move around water and nutrients.
Xylem and phloem make up the big transportation system of vascular
plants.
These two groups also produce seeds. Seeds are an advantage in that the
embryo is protected and has nourishment to start growing. Angiosperms,
also called flowering plants, have seeds that are enclosed within an ovary
(usually a fruit), while gymnosperms have no flowers or fruits, and have
unenclosed or “naked” seeds on the surface of scales or leaves.
Gymnosperm seeds are often configured as cones.
DIAGRAM 1.
DIAGRAM 2.
FRUIT
Angiosperms produce seeds. Seeds are an advantage in that the embryo is
protected and has nourishment to start growing. Angiosperms, also
called flowering plants, have seeds that are enclosed within an ovary
(usually a fruit), while gymnosperms have no flowers or fruits, and have
unenclosed or “naked” seeds on the surface of scales or leaves.
Flowers can be male, female, or even both. The male reproductive
structure is the stamen. The stamen is made up of an anther containing
pollen supported by the filament. The female reproductive structure is the
carpel. The carpel is made up of an ovary containing in egg (ovule) and a
style with a sticky stigma to grab pollen. Some plants have more than one
carpel that fuse to make a pistil. Some flowers can have more than one
pistil.
DIAGRAM 1.
TABLE 1.
SIMPLE FRUITS
From a single pistil
Dry indehiscent
At maturity dry and does not split open
Achene
Grain
Nut
Close-fitting pericarp surrounding a single seed
Sunflower
Close-fitting pericap fused to a single seed
Corn, wheat
Thick, woody pericarp surrounding a single seed
Walnut, hazelnut
Dry dehiscent
At maturity dry and splits open
Legume
Pod that splits along two opposite sides
Beans, peas
Capsule
Fruit opening by several splits or pores
Cotton, poppy
Schizocarp
Fruit splitting into 1-seeded segments
Dill
Fleshy
Mostly fleshy at maturity and do not usually split open
Drupe
1- to 2-seeded; the innermost pericarp layer, stony
Plum, peach
and enclosing the seed(s)
Berry
1- to many-seeded; no stony innermost layer of
Tomato, grape, all
pericarp
citrus fruit
AGGREGATE FRUITS
Formed by fusion of several separate pistils of one flower
EX. Raspberry
MULTIPLE FRUITS
Formed by fusion of several separate pistils of different flowers
EX. Pineapple, fig
ACCESSORY FRUITS
Consist mainly of tissues other than the ovary, such as the receptacle. Apples, pears,
and strawberries are examples of accessory fruits.
EX. Apples, strawberries and pears