Download Unit 3 Part 2

Weeks 5 – 8
Sentences and Sentence Variety
(lessons 34 – 39)
1.
Nouns: Words that name a person, place, thing, or idea (sofa,
democracy)
Proper nouns — specific names of people and places, such as Peyton
Manning and Indianapolis — are capitalized.
2.
Pronouns: Words that take the place of a noun or another pronoun (I,
you, me, he, she, it, we, who, they)
Possessive pronouns show ownership: my/mine, your/yours, their/theirs,
our/ours.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Verbs: Words that name an action or describe a state of being (run,
seem)
Adjectives: Words that describe nouns and pronouns (red, more,
second, several)
Adverbs: Words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
(yesterday, below, happily, partly)
Prepositions: Words that link a noun or pronoun to another word in
the sentence (by, about, behind, above, across, at, with)
Conjunctions: Words that connect words or groups of words and
show how they are related (and, or, for, but, after, although, because)
Interjections: Words that show strong emotion (Oh! Wow!)
A/An – Use a before consonant sounds; use an
before vowel sounds.
Examples: She has an MBA.
It’s a Utopian idea.
Abbreviations (making them Plural): Add
an s (without an apostrophe) to the end of
an abbreviation to make it plural.
Example: Smith had two RBIs tonight.
Affect/Effect: Most of the time affect is a
verb and effect is a noun.
Example: The rain affected her hair.
The effect mattered.
 Please take out your notes
for your studies in Grammar
…
What are prepositions and how are they
used in sentences?
Prepositions
Keep that secret between you and me.
I’ll tell you the secret at dinnertime.
Although most grammarians agree that it is OK to end
sentences with prepositions, it is BETTER not to. LOL
(acceptable)
What is ice cream made of?
What are the ingredients in ice cream? (better)
Before using a preposition, ask, “Is it necessary?”
Where is she at?
Where is she?
Before using a preposition, ask, “Is it necessary?”
Squiggly jumped off of the dock.
Squiggly jumped off the dock.
Tip: If the sentence doesn’t work without the
preposition, keep it in. And it’s usually OK
to end with a preposition if the preposition
is necessary and the sentence would sound
awkward when rewritten.
Prepositions do not act alone; they act as part of
prepositional phrases.
She slid the note under the door.
They planned to meet at noon.
Mini Quiz – Copy the sentence, underline the preposition
and tell if it is used correctly or incorrectly in the sentence.
1. Where is the mouse at?
2. The mouse is in the house.
3. After five days, she asked,
“Who’s house?”
4. I answered, “Sue’s house
which is over the hill.”
In one sentence, please answer part
one of your essential question:
What are prepositions?
Prepositions
 Please take out your notes
for your studies in Grammar
…
Essential Question:
What is the difference between
conjunctions and interjections?
Conjunctions
Interjections
A conjunction connects words,
phrases, and parts of sentences.
 Coordinating Conjunctions
 Correlative Conjunctions
 Subordinating Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions are used to
organize sentences by joining other
words, phrases, or clauses that have
the same construction: parallel
For
construction.
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
 Squiggly was often distracted by this or that.
 Squiggly went to the store and bought some
chocolate.
 Squiggly went to the store, and Aardvark
wondered when he would return.
Squiggly picked Grammar Girl and Aardvark and
Anna and Charlie and Harry and Sally.
NOTE:
Don’t overuse and or or. Instead, use commas 
Parallel Construction
Please read and mark as “r” for right or “w” for wrong.
1. Aard bought a tie, shirt, and a hat for Squig.
2. Aard bought a tie, a shirt, and a hat for Squig.
3. Squig asks for a bicycle, the tent, and for a kite.
4. Squig asks for a bicycle, for a tent, and for a kite.
5. Squig asks for a bicycle, a tent, and a kite.
6. Squig asks for a bicycle, tent, and kite.
Correlative Conjunctions – A
conjunction pair.
both … and
either … or
neither … nor
not only … but also
Both you and your brother are
welcome.
Either be friends with Squiggly or I am
not playing.
Neither Grammar Girl nor Aardvark
have arrived.
Aardvark is not only a great player but
also a great negotiator.
Subordinating Conjunctions are used to
create subordinate clauses, clauses that
can not stand alone as a sentence.
Because
Before
If
Aardvark left the room
whenever Squiggly turned
on polka music.
Since
Though
When
Whenever
While
Squiggly warned
Aardvark before he
turned on the music.
Interjections, sometimes called exclamations,
are short words or phrases that reveal emotions,
offer reactions, insert pauses, and demand
attention.
Aha!
Amazing!
Note: They can stand alone as a one-word sentence.
Yo! Do you know what an interjection is?
Um, not really.
Wow!
Yes, you have a problem with that?
Well, how can you say you don’t know
what an interjection is?
Mini Quiz – Copy the sentences using the correct
conjunctions.
Both you ___ Jan should attend.
Either stay here ____ leave.
Neither Anj ____ Bardo are here.
Jill is not only a good athlete
_______a great student.
Summary:
In one sentence, please answer your
essential question:
What is the difference between conjunctions and
interjections?
Conjunctions
Interjections
 Please take out your notes
for your studies in Grammar
…
Essential Question:
What is the subject of a sentence?
Sentences
 The Subject

The subject of a sentence is who or what a
sentence is about.
Subjects can have different forms.
The simplest subject is a simple noun:
EX: Squiggly ran.
Compound subject – Two or more nouns
joined by and.
EX: Squiggly and Aardvark ran.
Alternative subject – Two or more nouns
joined by or.
EX: Squiggly or Aardvark called.
Gerunds and Infinitives can work as subjects.
Singing makes me happy!
To laugh is to live.
Complete Subject – a noun phrase acting as a subject.
The friendly yellow snail ran.
Simple Subject – a noun in the noun phrase operating
as a subject.
The friendly yellow snail ran.
A sentence that doesn’t seem to have a subject
usually has an implied subject.
Run!
Summary:
In one sentence, please answer
your essential question:
What is the subject of a sentence?
Sentences
 The Subject
 Please take out your notes
for your studies in Grammar
…
Essential Question:
What is the predicate of a sentence?
Sentences

 The Predicate
The predicate is the part of the sentence
that isn’t the subject. A sentence must have
a verb, and in a very simple sentence, the
predicate is the verb.
Squiggly ran.
The predicate can include things that
modify the verb, such as objects and
adverbs.
Squiggly ran quickly.
If your sentence has a linking verb, such as
is, the elements that comes after it is called
the predicate noun when it is a noun and a
predicate adjective if it is an adjective.
The ring is a doozy.
Silence is golden.
Squiggly looked longingly at the chocolate.
The boy with blue hair called.
Sir Fragalot messed up his sentence again.
Summary:
In one sentence, please answer
your essential question:
What is the predicate of a sentence?
Sentences
 The Predicate
 Please take out your notes
for your studies in Grammar
…
Essential Question:
What is the difference between direct
and indirect objects?
Objects
 direct
 indirect
Sentences are made up of more
than subjects and verbs.
If the verb is transitive—your
sentence will also need an object.
There are two kinds of objects:
A direct object – is the direct
recipient of the verb’s action.
An indirect object – is the
person or thing that receives the
direct object.
object?
1. Squiggly bought rocks
2. Squiggly gave me rocks.
3. Aardvark sent flowers.
4. Aardvark sent Rosie flowers.
5. She threw him a kiss.
6. She threw him a kiss.
NOTE– You can’t have an indirect object without a direct
object.
Summary:
In one sentence, please answer your
essential question:
What is the difference between direct and indirect
objects?
Objects
 Direct
 Indirect
 Please take out your notes
for your studies in Grammar
…
Essential Question:
What is the difference between phrases
and clauses?
The Phrase
The Clause
Clause – subject and a
time telling verb
Joliee laughed.
Independent Clause: a clause that can stand
alone as a sentence
Dependent Clause (Subordinate Clause): a
clause that can NOT stand alone as a sentence.
After Joliee laughed.
Phrase – like a clause
but is missing a subject
or a time telling verb
 Laughing loudly.
 Because of the rain
 Since yesterday
Types of phrases:
The house that Jack built stood on a hill.
noun phrase
We should have gone to the store.
verb phrase
The student of the month claimed her reward.
prepositional phrase
Trees grown without love will bear no fruit..
participial phrase
Swimming upstream, the fish will live.
gerund phrase
To remember is to respect her request.
infinitive phrase
Mini Quiz
Identify the independent or main clause in each sentence.
1. Because Joilee’s hair frizzed wildly on damp days,
she wore fifty barrettes.
2. After plugging in his MP3 player, Aardvark began
practicing his routine for the auditions.
3. Squiggly curled up in his big chair although he knew
he should get to work.
4. Santa makes good time because he rides a sleigh.
Summary:
In one sentence, please answer your
essential question:
What is the difference between phrases and clauses?
The Clause
The Phrase