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Cards for keeping a muscle cell alive glucose respiratory substrate glucose diffuses into muscle cell glucose in blood plasma fatty acids respiratory substrate amino acids sub-units to make protein damaged during exercise glycogen converted to glucose in liver glycogenolysis increase in volume of blood pumped in each heart beat stroke volume increases heart rate increases cardiac output increases adrenaline stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood adrenaline secreted by adrenal glands arterioles in muscle widen (dilate) vasodilation in muscle rate of blood flow through muscle increases blood flows through all the capillaries in the muscle adrenalin stimulates break down of fats in adipose tissue fats converted to fatty acids and glycerol (lipolysis) tidal volume increases depth of breathing increases adrenaline stimulates bronchi and bronchioles to widen ventilation rate increases some lactate produced by anaerobic respiration in muscle cell lactate diffuses from muscle cell into blood arterioles in skin widen (dilate) vasodilation in skin carbon dioxide carbon dioxide diffuses into blood carbon dioxide concentration of blood increases pH of blood falls oxyhaemoglobin dissociates to release oxygen Bohr shift rate of blood flow through skin increases sweat glands produce more sweat arterioles in gut constrict vasoconstriction in gut heat from muscle cell is absorbed by blood temperature of blood increases Cards for keeping a muscle cell alive
