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BUDDHIST CONVERSION AS A COUNTER-DISCOURSE TO CREATE AMBEDKARITE IDEAL SOCIETY Sanjeev Kumar Assistant Professor SPM College University of Delhi [email protected] • • • • • What is a Discourse? Architecture of Religion: Hinduism Archeology of Religion: Hinduism Conversion as Counter-Discourse Future Course?? DISCOURSE? It is to discover the various subtle forms of practices that perpetuate caste system throughout time and space. The discursivity of any sociological phenomena or structure continuously keeps reproducing it’s structure to suit the changing time and space while keeping intact the essentiality of exploitation or whatever purposes it posses. VEDIC: VARNA SYSTEM OF HINDU RELIGION Brahman Kshatirya Vaishya Shudra BRAHMANICAL STRUCTURE OF HINDU RELIGION? Brahman Kshatriya Viashya Shudra Ati-Shudra: Untouchable ACTUAL ARCHITECTURE OF HINDU RELIGION Ati-Shudra: Untouchable: Unseeable: Unapproachable: Unhearable. Shudra: Practitioner Vaishya: Practitioner Kshatriya: Practitioner Brahman: Creator MANIFESTATION OF RELIGION: SOCIO-CULTURAL SPHERES • Religious Texts • Rituals • Cultural Transcendental Institutional • Temple/Idol • Family • Educational • Other Social Practices • Marriage: Endogamy • Division Labourer • Untochabi lity: Purity Modalities MANIFESTATION OF RELIGION: POLITICAL SPHERE • Castist Democracy • PseudoSecularism Brahmanical state Institution • State organs • Market/economy • Civil society organisations • Merit vs. reservation • Exclusion vs. inclusion • Atrocity • Invisibility Modality WHY DO WE FOLLOW RELIGION? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Every Human needs religion because: Human is God fearing being Human is Aspiring being Human is afraid of uncertainty Myth and Mystery attract Human Human is curious being Human is imitative creature WHAT RELIGION OFFERS? It creates myth to instigate curiosity in the human Then mystify the curiosity again to keep human beings exploring the no-existence and unexplorable Creates fear and expectation in the name of god To fulfill expectation, fear and uncertainty provides rituals and structure of inequality such as caste. HOW INDIVIDUAL PRACTICE? Religion is the superstructure mythologised by religious texts, operate to justify caste and patriarchal structure at work. Q- How Individual practice this? A- Individual practice this caste and religious structure at both conscious and unconscious level. Three ways to practice it: (a) Dominance/ Forced: Because of the power structure and dominance of dominant high caste other castes are forced to obey the structure. If revolts against it then atrocity and exclusion takes place. (b) Hegemony (Force + Consent): Individual also practice this structure, because they find it good for their welfare. For ex: people doing rituals to please god for welfare and doing so maintains caste system happily (c) Servility (Naturalization/ Internalisation): this practice is so deeply internalized by the individual, that they find it neither good nor bad but normal and natural system of society. WHAT IS CASTE SANCTIONED BY HINDU RELIGION? Hindu Religion: Transcendence: The Grand Myth State: Merit Vs. Rights &Representation Social: Untouchablity, Graded Inequality, Imitation Family based on Edogamy and village exogamy Individual: PsycheConscious and Subconscious level AMBEDKAR’S ATTACK ON CASTE AND RELIGION Religious Social Political Educational Strived to build Movement Education Legal Structure Religious Domain ATTACK ON BRAHMANISM ATTACK ON RELIGIOUS TEXTS WHY AMBEDKAR THINKS SO THUS HE REVOLTED AGAINST ALL SCRIPTURES CASTE AND RESERVATION ULTIMATE CURE TO THE CASTE ‘DISEASE’ BUDDHIST MASS CONVERSION AS THE COUNTER-DISCOURSE Since Caste and religiosity have not only inserted into society, family and state institutions but captured the psychological domain of the people which gets reproduced and revised according to the time and space then there is a need of counter way of life. An Ideal Society based on social endosmosis, equality, liberty and fraternity, associated way of life, moral purification of not only victim but also perpetrator. That Idea society is not something coming from outside or abstract, but transforming the existing one into a new one. DECLARES FOR CONVERSION TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY INTO IDEAL SOCIETY THROUGH CONVERSION Shudras Vaishya Buddhist Society: Untouchables, Shudras, Vaishyas and other nonbrahmanicals Kshatriya, Brahmans CONVERSION DISCOURSE TO BREAK THE CHAIN OF CASTISM Humani ty Liberty Buddhist Culture: Social/Political Endosmosis Democracy based on Fraternity Equality BUDDHISM IS NEITHER MEANS NOR END: BUT A CONTINUOUS PROCESS TOWARDS FRATERNITY The Society after conversion is not going to be a perfect society. So Ambedkar wanted the associated way of life to exercise community feeling based on democratic principles. Because until Brahmanism is completely destroyed it’s infection will keep spreading the caste disease and its ghosts and spirits. So conversion of certain community will not suffice the emancipation of humanity until complete annihilation of Brahmanism takes place. Notwithstanding Brahmans will start converting into Buddhism to pollute the entire Buddhist fraternity as the inevitable rule of Brahmanism. In that caste, The physical and numerical conversion into Buddhism will not suffice to end Brahmanism. But The inherent practice of Fraternity, Equality and Liberty in Buddhism based on Democratic principle to maintain the personal and social endosmosis shall only end the Brahmanical content and intent in the larger run. METHOD OF CHANGE AND EMANCIPATION BUDDHISM AS A DEMOCRATIC PROCESS TO MAINTAIN SOCIAL ENDOSMOSIS Equality Liberty Loving kindness Fraternity Democracy