Download Judaism - Europe

Jakub Lipczyk
Hubert Sulich
Max Noonan
Preston Chonkar
JUDAISM
HISTORY OF JUDAISM
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History of Judaism is told in the
Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), which
is a collection of three holy
books
Judaism originated about
3800 years ago with Abraham
(c. 1800 B.C.)
He was hailed as the father of
the Jewish people
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/history/history_1.shtml
SPREAD OF JUDAISM
Abraham moved to Canaan
(the Promised Land) to start a
new religion
 The Jews were enslaved by
the Egyptian pharoah, and
then rescued by Moses
 Judaism prospered during the
rule of several powerful kings,
such as Saul, David, and
Solomon
 Today, there are over 13
million followers of Judaism
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MAJOR EVENTS
Plagued by famine, many followers
of Judaism migrated to Egypt,
where they were enslaved
 They were led to freedom by
Moses (during the Exodus), who
was given the Ten Commandments
by God
 Israel was formed as a political
nation in 1400 B.C.
 First Israeli king was Saul, who
defeated the Ammonites (c. 1020
B.C.)

MAJOR EVENTS (CONTINUED)
The Eastern Roman Empire
passed a number of laws that
restricted believing in Judaism
(5th century A.D.)
 Many Jews were brutally
murdered during the Crusades
(1096-1188 A.D.)
 The Holocaust was perhaps the
worst moment in the history of
Judaism, when around six
million Jews were killed by the
Nazis (1939-1945 A.D.)
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MAIN PRINCIPLES OF JUDAISM
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Judaism is monotheistic, meaning that Jews
believe in only one almighty God

Three main denominations: Orthodox, Reform,
and Conservative Judaism
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Orthodox – Traditional form of Judaism

Reform – Over one and a half million Jews are
members of “The Union for Reform Judaism”

Conservative – Moderate position between
Orthodox and Reform, founded by Zacharias
Frankel (1801-1875)
JEWISH CALENDAR

Jewish calendar is based on
three astronomical phenomena:
Rotation of the Earth about its axis
 Revolution of the moon about the
Earth
 Revolution of the Earth about the
Sun
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Months are either 29 or 30 days,
years are either 12 or 13 months
Jewish Calendar
Length
English
Number
Civil Equivalent
Nissan
1
30 days
March-April
Iyar
2
29 days
April-May
Sivan
3
30 days
May-June
Tammuz
4
29 days
June-July
Av
5
30 days
July-August
Elul
6
29 days
August-September
Tishri
7
30 days
September-October
Cheshvan
8
29 or 30 days
October-November
Kislev
9
30 or 29 days
NovemberDecember
Tevet
10
29 days
December-January
Shevat
11
30 days
January-February
Adar I (Leap years
only)
12
30 days
February-March
Adar (called Adar
Beit in leap years)
12 (13 in leap
years)
29 days
February-March
MAJOR HOLIDAYS/CUSTOMS
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Brit/Bris milah – Circumcision of
child
Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year
Yom Kippur – Holiday of atonement
and repentence
Channukah – Eight-day Jewish
holiday commemorating the
rededication of the Holy Temple
in Jerusalem at the time of
the Maccabean Revolt
Pesach (Passover) – holiday
commemorating the Israelites’
escape from Egypt
WORKS CITED
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http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/history/histor
y_1.shtml
http://www.religionfacts.com/judaism/history.htm
http://www.majorreligionsoftheworld.com/jewish_denominatio
ns.php