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DNA translation
HS-LS1-1 Construct an explanation based on
evidence for how the structure of DNA
determines the structure of proteins which carry
out the essential functions of life through systems
of specialized cells.
Hook/IBE
What is Sheldon doing and why he is doing it?
What is Sheldon doing and why is he doing it?
https://www.youtube.com/v/1zd1xNidSpc
Hook/IBE
List 5 different types of codes that
surround you every day.
What is the purpose of codes?
Post-it activity
On a post-it answer as a pair:
Does your body have a code?
If so how does this activity relate to your
body?
Gene 1
Gene 3
DNA molecule
Individually,
come up
with three
questions
about this
diagram
(SEP 1)
Gene 2
DNA strand
TRANSCRIPTION
RNA
Codon
TRANSLATION
Protein
Amino acid
Gene 1
Gene 3
DNA molecule
With your
partner and
using your
knowledge
of genetics,
interpret
this diagram
Gene 2
DNA strand
TRANSCRIPTION
RNA
Codon
TRANSLATION
Protein
Amino acid
Gene 1
Gene 3
DNA molecule
With your
partner and
using your
knowledge
of genetics,
interpret
this diagram
Gene 2
DNA strand
TRANSCRIPTION
RNA
Codon
CODON:
Sequence of three
nucleotides (a
triplet) that codes
for an amino acid.
TRANSLATION
Protein
Amino acid
Definition
Translation is the process that converts mRNA
into a protein.
What is
mRNA?
What are
proteins?
(LT 1.3)
In pairs, interpret this diagram
The genetic code matches each codon to its amino acid
The genetic code matches each codon to its amino acid
Nitrogen
containing
bases
(letters)
Amino acids
Interpret this diagram
DNA
TRANSCRIPTION
mRNA
Ribosome
TRANSLATION
Polypeptide
An exercise in translating the genetic code: YOU DO!
Transcribed strand
DNA
Use the
genetic code
(table) to
RNA
indicate
what
proteins are
made here
Protein
Transcription
Start
codon
?
Translation
?
?
Stop
codon
An exercise in translating the genetic code: YOU DO!
Transcribed strand
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Start
codon
!!!
Proteins
Translation
Stop
codon
Justify your answer
According to the table below, which amino acid
sequence would most likely be determined by a
section of a DNA molecule with the base
sequence A-A-G-G-A-T-C-C-G?
More practice
According to this table, there are three different stop codons. They are
(indicate the three nitrogen containing bases per each):
Think
How many nucleotides code for an amino acid?
• A. 2 nucleotides
• B. 1 nucleotides
• C. 3 nucleotides
Using your acquired knowledge,
explain this picture
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is composed of
1- An amino acid
at one end
2- An anticodon on
the other
What other types
of RNAs do you
know?
The anticodon on the tRNA is complementary to the
codon on the mRNA.
The tRNA molecule brings the amino acids to be linked
Once the stop codon is reached, the ribosome releases
the protein and disassembles.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uRb1D38
Revise your explanation and make
corrections
Check your understanding
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is a molecule involved in
1.
2.
3.
4.
Translation
Transcription
Transduction
Replication
Check your understanding
An anticodon is composed of
1. amino acids
2. RNAs
3. Proteins
4. nitrogen-containing bases
Check your understanding
A ribosome is
1.Nitrogen containing base
2.An organelle involved in translation
3.An organelle involved in DNA replication
4.All of above
5.An amino acid
Check your understanding
Translation is the process
1. By which RNA is “transformed” into protein
2. By which DNA is “transformed” into RNA
3. By which a cell is able to make copies of DNA
4. By which a cell is able to exchange
information with other cells
5. All of above
Check your understanding
What is the difference between a codon and an
anticodon?
Translation
Nucleus
Lysine
Phenylalanine
Methionine
tRNA
Ribosome
mRNA
Start codon
mRNA
The Translation Process http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEAo
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=protein+synthesis&view=detail
&mid=3C363D57D5A3E18AAA263C363D57D5A3E18AAA26&first=0&F
ORM=NVPFVR
Bio Rap
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1UPf7lXeO8