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Transcript
Yr 7 – History Knowledge Organiser: Unit 4 a – The Crusades L3 – Why would someone fight in a Crusade? Key Words Crusade Pilgrim Pilgrimage Holy War The Holy Land Crusader An armed, Christian pilgrimage. A person who journeys to a holy place for religious reasons. The journey taken by the pilgrim. A war declared or waged in support of a religious cause. A term used by Jews, Christians, and Muslims for an area in the Middle East which is the setting for many religious stories and events. An armed, Christian pilgrim. L1 – What were the crusades and when did they take place? Religion Money To ensure that Christian pilgrims had access to the Holy Land and sacred places The Pope said you should go. The Muslims had to be defeated or they would destroy Christianity. There would be opportunity to take booty from your enemies. The Holy Lands were rich and prosperous. All your sins would be forgiven if you died on crusade. Power You would gain a heroic reputation Successful crusaders could be rewarded with lands and titles in the east. Second and third sons wouldn’t inherit their father’s land. The crusade was an opportunity t gain land themselves. L4 – The First Crusade 1095-1099. Events of the First Crusade What happened? Council of Clermont - 1095 Pope Urban II (head of the Catholic church) gave a speech saying that Turks (Muslims) had attacked Christians in the East. This was very convincing and his message spread through France very, very quickly. Powerful European men heard Pope Urban II’s message and built armies to fight the Muslims. By August 1096 the armies were ready and set off from their different bases heading east. They were joined by the Normans. The crusading armies arrived at the the city of Constantinople (Con-stan-ti-nople). The crusaders were welcomed by the Byzantine Emperor Alexius. Any city taken by the crusaders would be given to Alexis. The crusaders now had and army of 35,000. The crusaders began to attack the Muslim castle of Nicaea (Niy-see-a). This was a long attack called a siege. Eventually the crusaders got inside and controlled the castle. The city was given to Alexis It took a long time to take the city of Antioch. The city was taken in 1098. The crusaders did not give the city to Alexis. Alexis was furious. It took the crusaders 9 months to take Jerusalem. Once they entered they killed everyone they came across. They entered sacred temples to pray while dripping in blood. The Prince’s Crusade – Aug 1096 Constantinople - Nov 1096 The Siege of Nicaea -1097 L2 – Why are they fighting for the Holy City? Religion Holy Places Why is the city holy? Christianity Church of the Holy Sepulchre Islam Temple Mount Al-Aqsa Mosque Dome of the Rock (Omar’s Mosque) Tombs of Jewish Figures Temple of Solomon Mount Zion Place of Jesus’ crucifixion and resurrection. Temple Mount has two important mosques. Third holiest city after Mecca and Medina Spiritual home of Jewish people. Important Jewish burial sites. Judaism The Siege of Antioch -10971098 The Siege of Jerusalem – Oct 1098 – Jul 1099