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BIOLOGY COMPETENCY TEST Review Questions IN RESEARCH, A SCIENTIST MUST ALWAYS CONSIDER… A. plants. B. evidence. C. photographs. D. theories. A BIAS IS MOSTLY DUE TO… A. the study of life. B. controlled experiments. C. experimental data. D. a personal point of view. TOPICS STUDIED IN BIOLOGY INCLUDE ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT… A. the biosphere. B. rocks and minerals. C. changes in groups of organisms. D. reproduction and growth. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL LIVING THINGS EXCEPT THE ABILITY TO… A. grow and develop. B. maintain a stable internal environment. C. change over time. D. reproduce asexually. ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CORRECT BIG IDEAS IN BIOLOGY EXCEPT, LIVING THINGS ARE… A. unable to adapt to their surroundings. B. based on an universal genetic code. C. made up of cells. D. diverse. A LOGICAL EXPLANATION OF NATURAL PHENOMENA THAT IS SUPPORTED BY SCIENTIFIC OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS IS CALLED A (AN)… A. Hypothesis B. Inference C. Factor D. Theory THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS… A. A way of posing a research question only. B. Used to organize data that is already known. C. An organized approach to problem solving. D. Used by all scientists in an identical way. WHICH STATEMENT BEST DESCRIBES A SCIENTIFIC THEORY… A. It is a collection of data designed to provide support for a prediction. B. It is an educated guess that can be tested by experimentation. C. It is a scientific fact that no longer requires any evidence to support it. D. It is a general statement that is supported by many scientific observations. A BIOLOGIST REPORTED SUCCESS IN BREEDING A TIGER WITH A LION, PRODUCING HEALTHY FERTILE OFFSPRING. OTHER BIOLOGISTS WILL ACCEPT THIS REPORT AS FACT ONLY IF… A. Research shows that other animals can be crossbred B. The offspring are given a new scientific name C. The biologist included a control in the experiment D. They can repeat the experiment and get the same result A SCIENTIST WANTS TO STUDY THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A CHLOROPLAST (PART OF A PLANT CELL) IN GREAT DETAIL. THE BEST INSTRUMENT FOR THIS DETAILED EXAMINATION WOULD BE A (AN)… A. Compound microscope B. Simple light microscope C. Electron microscope D. Ultracetrifuge WHICH STRUCTURE IS BEST SEEN BY USING A COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE? A. A cell’s nucleus B. A paramecium C. A DNA sequence D. A mitochondrion THE POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLE IN AN ATOM IS CALLED A… A. neutron. B. ion. C. proton. D. electron. PROTEINS ARE POLYMERS FORMED FROM… A. lipids. B. amino acids. C. carbohydrates. D. nucleic acids. THE TWO ELEMENTS FOUND IN EVERY ORGANIC COMPOUND ARE… A. Nitrogen and oxygen B. Oxygen and hydrogen C. Carbon and hydrogen D. Carbon and oxygen WHICH FAMILY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ARE USED MAINLY TO STORE ENERGY FOR THE BODY? A. Lipids B. Carbohydrates C. Proteins D. Nucleic acids THE SUBUNITS OF DNA ARE CALLED… A. Amino acids B. Nucleotides C. Polysaccharides D. Cell units EVERY SINGLE CELLED ORGANISM IS ABLE TO SURVIVE BECAUSE IT CARRIES OUT… A. Metabolic activities B. Heterotrophic nutrition C. Autotrophic nutrition D. Sexual reproduction WHICH SEQUENCE REPRESENTS THE CORRECT ORDER OF LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION FOUND IN A COMPLEX ORGANISM? A. Cellsorganellesorgansorgan systemstissues B. Organellescellstissuesorgansorgan systems C. Tissuesorgansorgan systemsorganellescells D. Organsorgan systemscellstissuesorganelles THE SCIENTIST WHO GAVE CELLS THEIR NAME … A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek. B. Robert Hooke. C. Matthias Schleiden. D. Theodor Schwann. THE FLEXIBLE LIPID BILAYER THAT SURROUNDS A CELL IS CALLED… A. cytoskeleton. B. endoplasmic reticulum. C. cell wall. D. cell membrane. WHICH ORGANELLE PACKAGES MATERIALS THAT WILL BE SHIPPED OUT OF THE CELL? A. centrioles B. mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. lysosomes IN THE PROCESS OF ___________, WATER MOLECULES MOVE THROUGH CELL MEMBRANES. A. osmosis B. bulk transport C. phagocytosis D. endocytosis IN A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION, A CELL WILL … A. swell. B. burst. C. shrink. D. stay the same SMALL MOLECULES CAN BE MOVED ACTIVELY ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE BY … A. diffusion. B. water channel proteins. C. proteins that act like pumps. D. facilitated diffusion. WHICH STRUCTURE IN THE CELL SHOWN IN THE FIGURE STORES MATERIALS, SUCH AS WATER, SALTS, PROTEINS, AND CARBOHYDRATES? A. structure A B. structure B C. structure C D. structure D WHICH MEANS OF PARTICLE TRANSPORT IS SHOWN IN THIS FIGURE? A. Diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. Osmosis D. active transport WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANISMS ARE PROKARYOTES? A. Plants B. bacteria C. animals D. fungi A PLANT CELL SHRINKS WHEN PLACED IN SALT WATER DUE TO THE … A. Osmosis of water molecules out of the cell. B. Osmosis of water molecules into the cell. C. Diffusion of salt molecules into the cell. D. Diffusion of salt molecules out of the cell. ORGANISMS UNDERGO CONSTANT CHEMICAL CHANGES AS THEY MAINTAIN AN INTERNAL BALANCE KNOWN AS … A. Interdependence B. Synthesis C. Homeostasis D. Recombination INTRACELLULAR FLUID IS IMPORTANT FOR EXCHANGE OF MATERIALS BETWEEN A. Body cells and arteries B. Body cells and veins C. Veins and capillaries D. Body cells and capillaries CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHIN A CELL USUALLY TAKE PLACE… A. Over extremely long periods of time B. In a series of small steps C. All at once in a single burst D. Over a period of several days A WASTE PRODUCT OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS… A. oxygen. B. water. C. carbon dioxide. D. sugar. WHAT IS THE PRIMARY LIGHTABSORBING PIGMENT IN PLANTS? A. Chlorophyll B. carotene C. thylakoid D. ATP synthase DEER AND COWS EAT PLANTS. THESE ANIMALS ARE CLASSIFIED AS…. A. autotrophs. B. heterotrophs. C. photosynthesizers. D. decomposers. THE REACTANTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS ARE … A. sugars and oxygen. B. ATP and NADP. C. oxygen and carbon dioxide. D. carbon dioxide and water. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANISMS IS A HETEROTROPH? A. mushroom B. wheat C. alga D. sunflower THE STROMA IS THE REGION OUTSIDE THE … A. thylakoids. B. plant cells. C. chloroplasts. D. all of the above PHOTOSYNTHESIS USES SUNLIGHT TO CONVERT WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE INTO … A. oxygen and carbon. B. high-energy sugars and proteins. C. ATP and oxygen. D. oxygen and high-energy sugars THE CALVIN CYCLE IS ANOTHER NAME FOR THE … A. light-independent reactions. B. photosynthesis reaction. C. light-dependent reactions. D. electron transport chain WHICH IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR EARTH’S LIVING THINGS? A. wind energy only B. sunlight only C. wind energy and sunlight D. sunlight and chemical energy THE PHYSICAL, OR NONLIVING, COMPONENTS OF THE ECOSYSTEM ARE CALLED … A. abiotic factors. B. biotic factors. C. antibiotic factors. D. temperate factors. ALL LIFE ON EARTH EXISTS IN A REGION KNOWN AS… A. ecology. B. a biome. C. biomass. D. the biosphere. THE TOTAL MASS OF LIVING TISSUE AT EACH TROPHIC LEVEL CAN BE SHOWN IN A … A. pyramid of numbers. B. biogeochemical cycle. C. pyramid of biomass. D. limiting nutrient. NUTRIENTS MOVE THROUGH AN ECOSYSTEM IN … A. biogeochemical cycles. B. water cycles. C. energy pyramids. D. ecological pyramids. A GROUP OF POPULATIONS LIVING TOGETHER IN ONE AREA IS A … A. species. B. community. C. ecosystem. D. biosphere. ANOTHER WORD FOR A PRODUCER IS A(N) … A. heterotroph. B. carnivore. C. scavenger. D. autotroph. THE FIRST TROPHIC LEVEL CONSISTS OF ORGANISMS THAT… A. Use energy to make their own food B. Eat first level consumers only C. Eat producers and consumers D. Add matter to the ecosystem WHAT IS ALWAYS TRANSFERRED IN A FOOD CHAIN? A. Toxins B. Water C. Energy D. Oxygen WHICH SEQUENCE INITIATES A CORRECT FLOW OF ENERGY? A. Herbivoresuncarnivore B. Sunproducerherbivore C. Producersuncarnivore D. Carnivoreherbivoresun IN MOST HABITATS, THE REMOVAL OF CARNIVORES WILL HAVE THE MOST IMMEDIATE EFFECT ON A POPULATION OF … A. Producers B. Herbivores C. Decomposers D. Microbes IN A FOOD WEB ENERGY ALWAYS MOVES… A. In a continuous cycle among trophic levels B. Back and forth between two trophic levels C. From a lower to higher trophic level only D. From a higher to a lower trophic level only WHAT GOES IN BOX 5 OF THE FOOD WEB IN FIGURE 3–1? A. herbivores B. scavengers C. carnivores D. decomposers THE ORGANISMS THAT HELP RECYCLE ELEMENTS BY BREAKING DOWN ORGANIC MATTER INCLUDE … A. Grass and algae B. Bacteria and algae C. Bacteria and fungi D. Plants and fungi UNLIKE A DESERT, A TROPICAL RAINFOREST TYPICALLY HAS … A. Low biodiversity B. Great biodiversity C. A small variety of organisms D. A small number of organisms WHAT IS THE LONGEST FOOD CHAIN IN THE FIGURE BELOW THAT CONTAINS GRASS AS A PRODUCER? (LIST THE ORGANISMS) Answer: WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY PRODUCERS IN THIS FIGURE? LIST THE ORGANISM(S) Answer: WHICH SPECIES WOULD BE MOST AFFECTED IF A DISEASE KILLED OFF MOST OF THE TREES IN THE ECOSYSTEM SHOWN IN FIGURE BELOW? WHAT OTHER SPECIES MIGHT BE AFFECTED? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS. Answer: WOULD THE SNAKE OBTAIN A GREATER PERCENTAGE OF ENERGY FROM THE GRASS AFTER EATING A FROG OR A GRASSHOPPER? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER. Answer: A DISRUPTION IN HOMEOSTASIS CAN RESULT IN ALL OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT A. Illness B. Death C. Disease D. Stability IN A MUDDY POND, LIGHT-COLORED FISH ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE EATEN THAN DARKCOLORED FISH. WHAT IS DARK COLORING AN EXAMPLE OF?... A. artificial selection B. fossil evidence C. adaptation D. none of the above DARWIN REALIZED THAT MEMBERS OF POPULATIONS COMPETE FOR FOOD, LIVING SPACE, AND OTHER NECESSITIES. THIS IS KNOWN AS … A. struggle for existence. B. variation and adaptations. C. survival of the fittest. D. natural selection. BOTH BATS AND MOSQUITOES HAVE WINGS. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF A(N) … A. analogous structure. B. homologous structure. C. vestigial structure. D. none of the above. DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION IS SUPPORTED BY … A. DNA evidence. B. fossil evidence. C. embryology. D. all of the above. BOTH SNAKES AND SQUIRRELS ARE ANIMALS. MAMMALIA IS A CLASS OF ANIMALS THAT ARE COVERED WITH HAIR. BASED ON THIS INFORMATION, WHICH CLASSIFICATION GROUP INCLUDES BOTH SNAKES AND SQUIRRELS? (THINK LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION) A. species B. order C. class D. kingdom LINNAEUS IS CONSIDERED THE FATHER OF MODERN TAXONOMY. FOR THE MOST PART, WE STILL CLASSIFY ORGANISMS USING THE LINNAEAN SYSTEM CREATED IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT PART OF THE LINNAEAN SYSTEM? A. binomial nomenclature B. kingdoms C. domains D. species BOTH CAMELS AND GIRAFFES BELONG TO THE ORDER ARTIODACTYLA. THIS MEANS THEY MUST BELONG TO THE SAME… A. Class B. Kingdom C. Family D. both A and B THE SCIENTIFIC NAME FOR THE RED MAPLE TREE IS ACER RUBRUM. THIS NAME INCLUDES ITS … A. Class and phylum B. Family and species C. Genus and species D. Genus and order THE BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE FORMS IS CALLED… A. Embryology B. Taxonomy C. Morphology D. Biochemistry THE TWO DOMAINS COMPOSED OF ONLY UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS ARE … A. Eubacteria and Archaea. B. Archaea and Bacteria. C. Eukarya and Bacteria. D. Archaea and Eukarya. ACCORDING TO THE CLADOGRAM BELOW, WHAT TWO CHARACTERISTICS DO CRABS AND BARNACLES SHARE THAT LIMPETS DO NOT? Answer: WHICH LEVEL OF TAXONOMIC CATEGORY SHOWN IN THE FIGURE CONTAINS THE GREATEST NUMBER OF DIFFERENT ORGANISMS? Answer: DO ALL ORGANISMS SHOWN IN FIGURE BELONG TO THE ORDER CARNIVORA ALSO BELONG TO THE PHYLUM CHORDATA? EXPLAIN. Answer: DO ALL ORGANISMS SHOWN IN THE FIGURE THAT BELONG TO THE CLASS MAMMALIA ALSO BELONG TO THE GENUS URSUS? EXPLAIN. Answer: HEREDITY IS BEST DESCRIBED AS… A. A behavioral difference among offspring. B. The struggle for existence among living things. C. Traits that are passed from one generation to the next. D. The gradual change in organisms over many years. A MUTATION USUALLY RESULTS FROM … A. Artificial selection carried out by humans B. The fact that only the fittest organisms survive C. A sudden change in the genetic material of an organism D. Competition for resources such as food and water A COUPLE HAD TWO CHILDREN ONE WITH BLUE EYES AND THE OTHER WITH BROWN EYES. THIS DIFFERENCE IS AN EXAMPLE OF … A. Natural selection B. Artificial selection C. Genetic variation D. Acquired characteristics ANY INHERITED CHARACTERISTIC THAT INCREASES AN ORGANISM’S CHANCE OF SURVIVAL IS A(N) A. adaptation. B. polygenic trait. C. homologous trait. D. derived character. WHICH STATEMENT REPRESENTS THE MAJOR CONCEPT OF THE BIOLOGICAL THEORY OF EVOLUTION? A. A new species moves into a habitat whenever another species becomes extinct. B. Present-day organisms on Earth developed from earlier, different organisms. C. Every period of time in Earth’s history had its own group of organisms. D. Every location on Earth’s surface has its own unique group of organisms. SELECTIVE BREEDING FOR PARTICULAR TRAITS CAN BE USED TO A. Develop cultivated plants only B. Develop domesticated animals only C. Develop cultivated plants and domesticated animals D. Breed rare, wild animal species only ACCORDING TO THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION SOME ORGANISMS ARE MORE LIKELY THAN OTHERS TO SURVIVE AND REPRODUCES BECAUSE THEY … A. Can pass on to offspring new characteristics they acquired during their lifetimes B. Do not pass on to offspring any new characteristics they have acquired C. Are better adapted to conditions in the environment than other organisms are D. Tend to produce fewer offspring than others do within the same environment MOST FOSSILS ARE FOUND IN…. A. rusty water. B. volcanic rock. C. sedimentary rock. D. the sap of ancient trees. FOSSILS USUALLY PROVIDE PALEONTOLOGISTS WITH INFORMATION ABOUT EACH OF THE FOLLOWING EXCEPT… A. an organism’s structure B. an organism’s way of life C. an organism’s environment D. an organism’s DNA ALL OF THE FOLLOWING CAN BE USED AS EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION EXCEPT THE… A. Similarity of chemicals in all living things B. Distribution of species on the planet today C. Shapes and structures of living organisms D. Distribution of mountain ranges on Earth’s surface WHICH STATEMENT IS BEST SUPPORTED BY EVIDENCE FROM THE FOSSIL RECORD? A. Most of the organisms that lived on Earth in the past are now extinct. B. The struggle for existence between organisms results in genetic changes. C. Species occupying the same habitat have identical environmental needs. D. Structures such as leg bones and wing bones come from the same embryonic tissue. THE EVOLUTIONARY TREE IN THE FIGURE SHOWS RELATIONSHIPS AMONG SEVERAL MAMMAL SPECIES. WHICH GROUP OF MODERN MAMMALS IS THE MOST CLOSELY RELATED TO ELEPHANTS (PROBOSCIDEANS)? A. Answer: ACCORDING TO FIGURE 1 BELOW, WHICH BEAK SIZE DOES NOT HELP THE BIRDS SURVIVE? A. Answer: ACCORDING TO FIGURE 1, HOW ARE THE TWO VARIABLES, BIRD SURVIVAL AND BEAK SIZE, RELATED? A. Answer: WATSON AND CRICK CONTRIBUTED TO THE STUDY OF DNA BY … A. Experimenting with pea plants B. Recognizing that traits are inherited C. Discovering the double helix structure of DNA D. Mapping the entire human genome IF ONE STRAND OF DNA MOLECULE IS ‘GATCCAT’ THE SEQUENCE OF THE OPPOSITE STRAND IS… A. GATCCAT B. CTAGGTA C. ATGGATG D. TACCTAG DNA IS COPIED IN A PROCESS CALLED… A. replication. B. translation. C. transcription. D. transformation. THE CROSS BETWEEN A RED FLOWER AND A WHITE FLOWER PRODUCES ALL PINK FLOWERS. THIS TYPE OF INHERITANCE IS KNOWN AS… A. incomplete dominance. B. polygenic inheritance. C. codominance. D. simple dominance. THE RESULT OF TRANSCRIPTION IS… A. a copy of the DNA molecule. B. a strand of RNA. C. a protein. D. a chromosome. A MUTATION IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE WHEN IT … A. Makes it hard for the organism to survive B. Has absolutely no effect on the organism C. Changes the organism in an undetectable way D. Provides a sudden advantage that aids survival GENES CAN BE BEST DESCRIBES AS … A. Direction for making DNA B. Directions for making proteins C. The subunits of proteins D. Directions for making RNA WHICH PATH CORRECTLY DESCRIBES THE FLOW OF INFORMATION IN CELLS? A. DNA RNAprotein B. ProteinRNADNA C. Protein DNA RNA D. RNADNAprotein WHAT DOES A CODON REPRESENT ? A. A specific amino acid B. A specific base C. An RNA molecule D. An enzyme HOW MANY NUCLEOTIDE BASES MAKE UP A CODON? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN EACH BODY CELL … A. Is specific for each type of organism B. Is the same for every type of organism C. Decreases from parent to offspring D. Increases from the parent to offspring BEFORE CELL DIVISION THE GENETIC MATERIAL MUST UNDERGO A PROCESS CALLED … A. Reduction B. Restoration C. Replication D. Reproduction DURING MITOSIS THE CHROMOSOMES … A. Are cut in half twice B. Are equally divided C. Form a circle in the cell D. Spread through the cell IN ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION THE GENETIC MATERIAL IS SUPPLIED BY … A. One daughter cell B. One parent cell C. Two daughter cells D. Two parent cells DAMAGE TO A CELL’S DNA CAN CAUSE CANCER WHICH RESULTS FROM … A. A slower than normal cell division B. A complete stop to all cell division C. An uncontrolled type of cell division D. No changes in the genetic instruction DURING SEXUAL REPRODUCTION THE CHROMOSOMES OF … A. Two separate individuals are combined together B. One individual are transferred to another C. One parent only are copied for its offspring D. Two separate individuals are split apart IF EACH HUMAN BODY CELL HAS 46 CHROMOSOMES HOW MANY WERE IN YOUR VERY FIRST CELL? A. 23 B. 92 C. 46 D. 100 WHICH OF THESE IS FORMED DURING FERTILIZATION? A. An egg cell B. A sperm cell C. A zygote D. A gamete MITOSIS PRODUCES NEW BODY CELLS AND MEIOSIS PRODUCES… A. New body cells too B. Body cells and sex cells C. Sex cells only D. Red blood cells MENDEL STUDIED INHERITANCE PATTERNS IN ... A. Pink roses B. Fruit flies C. Siamese cats D. Pea plants AN ALLELE IS BEST DEFINED AS A … A. Version of a gene B. Specialized enzyme C. Subunit of DNA D. Three-base code THE LETTERS IN THE BOXES REPRESENT… T A. phenotypes. B. genotypes. T t Tt C. haploid chromosomes. D. codominant alleles t Tt tt EXAMINE THE PUNNETT SQUARE BELOW. THE GENOTYPE IN THE BLANK BOX IS T A. TT B. Tt T t Tt C. tT D. tt t Tt tt HOW DO ANIMALS AND PLANTS INTERACT IN TERMS OF THE TWO GASES INVOLVED IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS? A. Animals take in the CO2 released by plants and release O2 to the plants. B. Animals take in the O2 released by plants and release CO2 to the plants. C. Plants and animals usually compete for the same O2 available in the air. D. Plants and animals usually compete for the same CO2 available in the air. A MULE IS THE RESULT OF A CROSS BETWEEN A DONKEY AND A HORSE. A MULE IS A … A. tetrad. B. genotype. C. phenotype. D. hybrid. A TALL PLANT (TT) IS CROSSED WITH A SHORT PLANT (TT). IF THE TALL F1 PEA PLANTS ARE ALLOWED TO SELF-POLLINATE … A. the offspring will be of medium height. B. all of the offspring will be tall. C. all of the offspring will be short. D. the offspring can be tall or short. A HETEROZYGOUS TALL PEA PLANT IS CROSSED WITH A SHORT PLANT. THE PROBABILITY THAT AN F1 PLANT WILL BE TALL IS …. A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 100%. VARIATION IN HUMAN SKIN COLOR IS AN EXAMPLE OF… A. incomplete dominance. B. polygenic traits. C. codominance. D. multiple alleles. THE OFFSPRING OF A MATING BETWEEN TWO HETEROZYGOUS BLACK GUINEA PIGS, IN WHICH BLACK IS DOMINANT OVER WHITE, WOULD PROBABLY HAVE A GENOTYPE RATIO OF A. 1BB:2Bb:1bb B. 3Bb:1bb C. 2BB:2bb D. 2BB:1Bb:1bb THE TERM KARYOTYPE REFERS TO A … A. Group of similar alleles B. Photograph of chromosome pairs C. Cross between two plants or animals D. Pair of traits that are linked BECAUSE CERTAIN CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (LIKE CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN & NITROGEN) ARE NEEDED BY LIVING THINGS AND THEIR SUPPLY DOES NOT INCREASE, THESE ELEMENTS … A. Have to be recycled again and again B. Eventually disappear C. Turn into other elements D. Must be converted to fuel CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS RESPONSIBLE FOR… A. Releasing energy stored in food B. Using the sun’s energy to create starch C. Making ATP D. Both A & C MOST ORGANISMS CANNOT USE ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN UNTIL IT HAS BEEN “FIXED”. WHICH STATEMENT IS ‘FALSE’ ABOUT THE NITROGEN CYCLE. A. Decomposers add nitrogen compounds to the soil. B. There is almost NO nitrogen in the atmosphere C. Certain types of bacteria carry out nitrogen fixation D. Humans have upset the nitrogen cycle by adding too much nitrogen fertilizer to the land