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Name ____________________________________ Period___ Unit #5 – LEARNING, States of Consciousness RG 6A pg. 215-227 When you associate two things together, describe what you are doing. Give an example of two things you have associated together. What is Associative learning(def.)-? Classical conditioning(def.): BehaviorismFill out the chart below when reading about the components of Classical Conditioning Term Define/explain each term here unconditioned stimulus (UCS) unconditioned response (UCR) conditioned stimulus (CS) conditioned response (CR) Acquisition Timing? Define: Extinction Spontaneous recovery Generalization vs. discrimination Extended Pavlov’s Understanding Explain the ideas of predictability and expectancy What was it in Pavlov’s experiment? How do cognitive processes influence classical conditioning? Describe 2 of the ways that biological predispositions can affect learning by classical conditioning. Pavlov’s Legacy Why does Pavlov’s work remain so important? (2 reasons) Explain the famous study of J.B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner. What significance does Watson’s experiment have on psychology today? RG 6b pg. 228-241 Operant Conditioning(def.)Respondent vs. operant behavior Law of effect (Thorndike)- Describe the “Skinner box” (operant chamber) Define and explain the process of shaping: Reinforcement(def.)Positive vs. negative reinforcement Primary vs. conditioned reinforcers Immediate vs. delayed reinforcers and their effects on humans Reinforcement schedules: Continuous vs. partial (intermittent) reinforcement Explain the following schedules of partial reinforcement: Term Definition Example Fixed-ratio Variable-ratio Fixed-interval Variableinterval Punishment(def.)Positive vs. negative punishment Describe some drawbacks to the use of physical punishment Skinner did not believe that cognition played a factor in learning…however, research has shown that it does (especially in studies of rats in mazes) Cognitive map Latent learning Describe an example from YOUR life when latent learning has occurred How do biological predispositions influence operant conditioning? Explain how we see operant condition in the following places: School Sports Work Home Observational learning(def.)- RG 6c pg. 242-249 Modeling (def.)What are mirror neurons? Do they exist in humans too? Explain. Give an example of when humans use them. Explain the basics of Bandura’s famous “Bobo Doll Experiment.” What have we learned from it? Prosocial models(def.)- -- how they influence people… When are models most effective? What happens when children are exposed to hypocrites? Does viewing televised violence influence aggression? Explain. STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS RG 6d pg. 175-196 Consciousness= Allows us to… Biological rhythms= Circadian rhythm When during the day are we “sharpest”? How has the light bulb affected out circadian rhythm? Explain the sleep stages Stage: What happens to our mind and body in each stage? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 What happens after stage 4? Describe REM How long will we sleep? How much sleep do we need? Effects of sleep deprivation… Explain the 4 sleep theories… a. _________________________b. _________________________c. _________________________d. _________________________Explain the following sleep disorders… ● Insomnia ● Narcolepsy ● Sleep Apnea ● Night Terrors ● Sleepwalking Dreams are… What are lucid dreams? Common content/themes of dreamsManifest vs. latent content Why do we dream? (5 explanations) a. b. c. d. e. REM rebound Hypnosis Read PPT online and/or text to summarize the text’s main points of hypnosis Psychoactive drugs- RG 6E pg. 197-210 Dependence and addiction ToleranceWithdrawalPhysical dependencePsychological dependenceAddiction3 myths about addiction 1. 2. 3. Psychoactive drugs (def.): Depressants Alcohol list specific effects on the mind/body Physical or Psychologically Addicting? Barbiturates Opiates Stimulants Amphetamines Cocaine Ecstasy Hallucinogens LSD Marijuana Influences on drug use Biological influences Psychological and social-cultural influence