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Isolationism US foreign policy was to avoid conflicts with other countries Imperialism The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, and/or military control over weaker territories. Closing the American Frontier Matthew Perry Japan was isolated until Perry made them sign the treaty of Kanagawa & trade with the US Japan, Trade, & Matthew Perry The Open Door Policy Chinese ports were taken over by foreign nations & they had special rights there Spheres of influence The Open Door Policy Secretary John Hay. Give all nations equal access to trade in China. Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power. The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 Chinese resistance US and other foreign nations use military to end U. S. Interests In Hawaii Naval Base- Pearl Harbor Fertile soilSugar, Coffee, Pineapples 1893 – American businessmen backed by military overthrow Queen Liliuokalani. Republic of Hawaii in 1894. Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii for the Hawaiians! America as a Pacific Power The Spanish-American War (1898): Spanish Misrule in Cuba Spanish treatment of Cubans “Yellow Journalism” Newspapers reported the uprising with dramatic headlines and articles. Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst You furnish the pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! Remember the Maine and to Hell with Spain! Teddy Roosevelt and The “Rough Riders” Dewey Captures Manila! US wins- gains Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico & Philippines Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898)- Cuba would be independent after war. No US involvement Platt Amendment (1903)- Cuba could not borrow money or make treaties without US approval “Uncle Sam teaches the art of self government” Puerto Rico Supreme Court Foraker Act Gave Puerto Rico a limited say over their own affairs US soldiers fighting in Philippines Led a revolt against the US in the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo Panama: Acquiring the Canal Zone Colombia controls Panama Roosevelt upset because Colombia will not sell land Panama revolts against Colombia Marines helps Panama win independence Hay-Bunau-Varillia treaty Panama sells land to US to build canal Panama Canal TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904) Eradicating the mosquito Problems building it Patient with yellow fever When Huerta refused, WilsonMadero used minor In The 1913, US Mexican refused topresident recognize Huerta was & incidents (arrest ofhe some sailors) to send the demanded overthrown that by dictator stepU.S. down Victoriano so legitimate Huerta military to could occupybeVeracruz forcepresident Huerta to elections held for & a new flee to Europe Mexican Pancho triedthe to provoke war Wilsonrebel responded byVilla sending military to with theVilla U.S.(who by raiding across to thedoborder find were unable so) Our “Sphere of Influence” The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905 Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power . The Roosevelt Corollary TR warned European nations to stay out • One of the greatest concerns was the AND warned Latin American nations to be intervention of European in Latin more responsible or thenations U.S. would America: intervene – In 1903, Germany & England threatened to invade Venezuela to collect unpaid debts – TR issued Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904 claiming special “police powers” “Constable of the World” Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick! The Great White Fleet: 1907 Roosevelt sends Fleet around world to show off power of America Gun Boat Diplomacy Russo- Japanese War • Japanese attack Russian troops in Manchuria • US fears both a strong Russia and Japan • Japanese win battles and ask Roosevelt to negotiate peace treaty Treaty of Portsmouth= Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy “Dollar Diplomacy” President Taft Replace European loans with American Economic Imperialism Use dollars instead of bullets to control Latin America Reduce chances of European Intervention Dollar Diplomacy in Action • US business invest billions in Latin America • Mines, railroads, sugar, bananas • President Taft send Marines to Nicaragua to stop revolution and protect American investments • Marines stay for 21 years to enforce Roosevelt Corollary The Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify Attempts to maintain order in Latin America American armed intervention in the led Dominican to pro-American regimes that relied on Republic, Cuba, Haiti, dictatorial rule over its citizens Nicaragua, & Mexico