Download World of Chemistry 102

World of Chemistry 102
Second Exam
Name ______________________
1. (3 pts) How is sulfanilamide poisonous to bacteria but not to humans. Be as specific as
possible.
2. (6 pts) Describe the differences between a virus and a bacteria. Which infection, bacterial or
viral, is more difficult to treat? Give reasons for your answer.
3. (3 pts) Why is cancer teated more successfully in its earliest stages?
4. (6 pts) The most antiviral drugs are derivatives of nucleosides. How do these drugs work to
attack a virus? In your discussion comment on what a derivative of a nucleoside is and how a
nucleoside differs from a nucleotide.
5. (3 pts) Protease inhibitors work better when used in conjunction with antiviral
nucleosides? What word describes this effect?
6. (3 pts) What is a neurotransmitter?
7. (6 pts) Name two neurotransmitters and describe each ones primary function.
8. (6 pts) What are amphetamines? Describe how they exert their behaviour in bodily function.
9. (3 pts) Describe the difference between an anesthetic and an analgesic.
10. (6 pts) Analgesics such as aspirin and ibuprofen operate on the same mechanism as the
bacterial fighting drug sulfanilamide. In fact, cocaine’s effect, uses the same general
mechanism. Give a full description of that mechanism.
11. (6 pts) The formation of food begins with photosynthesis. Write the overall reaction that
describes photosynthesis. Which level of the food chain does photosynthesis take place?
How does the overall reaction describing photsythesis differ from the overal reaction that
describes respiration?
12. (10 pts) Plants need nitrogen to build proteins and other biomolecules such as chlorophyll. Of
course eighty percent of the atmosphere is nitrogen but it is not in a form that can be used
directly by plants. Describe two ways in which nature converts N2 to a form of nitrogen that
can be used. Be as detailed as possible and identify the term that descibes this conversion.
13. (6 pts) There are three primary elements that are required for plant growth. These three
elements are present in a form called nutrients and also found in chemically manufactured
fertilizers. What are these three elements and in what chemical form are these three most
essential nutrients found?
14. (3 pts) Why is a healthy soil slightly acidic? By what mechanism do the plant roots absorb
nutrients from the soil?
15. (6 pts) Limestone is applied to the grass in early spring to raise the pH of the soil. How
might a low pH level in soil lead to nutrient deficiencies in grass.
16. (6 pts) Rachel Carson was a pioneer in the fight against excessive use of pesticides. She
described a phenomenom known as bioaccumulation. Describe what is meant by
bioaccumulation.
17. (3 pts)Mercury is toxic to humans. Give a reason why a governmental agency tells us to
limit the amount of tuna fish we consume and not the amount of many other fishes.
18. (3 pts) Why might we see the re-release of Agent Orange, a toxic herbicide used during the
Vietnam War, as a product for today's market.
19. (6 pts) Describe the difference between a consumer and a producer in the trophic levels (food
chain). What is a decomposer?
20. (6 pts) What is a pheromone? Describe how pheromones are used to control insects on
farmlands.
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(8 pts) What do we mean by the term "transgenic". Describe two applications that
make use of transgenic organisms.