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NAME: ____________________________ CHAPTER 4 / PAGES 59-62 WHY ATHENS? All Hellenic City-States shared a common socio-political heritage. Why then was it Athens alone that achieved such heights in so many different areas? Answer the following questions to trace its logical pattern of growth. Most of what we know about the social structure of Archaic Greece comes from the writings of this man. _____________________ During the Archaic period, this group meted out social justice. ________________________________ During the Archaic period, life was especially hard for this group. ______________________________ Land poverty during the Archaic period caused the development of these. _______________________ During the Archaic period, a surplus of these developed. ________________________ The people of Hellenic city-states began to congregate and communicate at this location. __________________________ The first political change in Greece was the rise of this group of rulers. ___________________________ What were the three socio-economic factions that competed for political power in Athens? ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ Match the following Athenians to their particular political reform: _____Cleisthenes A. Established the Council of Four Hundred, gave some political power to the lower classes, and encouraged trade, which made Athens rich. _____ Draco B. Redistributed land to the lower classes and established Athens as a center of learning and art. _____ Pisistratos C. A series of very harsh laws that applied to everyone, regardless of class. _____ Solon D. Made Athens a true democracy with the establishment of demes and the Council of Five Hundred. The pivotal moment in Western civilization was the invasion of Greece by this totalitarian state. _____________________ Which historian chronicled this war? _______________________ To defend itself, Athens developed the ancient world’s strongest _______________________. Explain the following statement: During the war Leonidas of Sparta acted like Hector, while Themistocles of Athens used the same methods as Odysseus. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ At this moment in history, Athens was a proud victor, a flourishing democracy, a center of art and learning, and the richest Hellenic city-state. PAGES 73, 74, 75, 77, 78 WHY NOT ATHENS? For thirty-two years this man symbolized Athenian democracy. ___________________________________ During this man’s age, concern for the state was replaced by this. __________________________________ During this man’s age, an Athenian Empire replaced this. ____________________________________ In 431 BC, war broke out between Athens and this rival city-state. _________________________ What was this war called? _____________________________________________ Which historian chronicled this war? ______________________________________________ How did the Athenians feel about this rival? ___________________________________________________ How do you think that HUBRIS affected the citizens of Athens? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ What happened inside the city of Athens during the war? [p.73] ___________________________________ What happened on the island of Melos in 416BC? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ What happened to the Athenians on the island of Sicily? _________________________________________________________________________________________ Which traitor symbolized the extremes of Athenian individualism? ________________________________ Did either side win this long war? __________________________ At this moment in history, Athens was no longer the dominant political power of Greece, but it was still the cultural center.