Download Why Athens? - Union High School

NAME: ____________________________
CHAPTER 4 / PAGES 59-62
WHY ATHENS?
All Hellenic City-States shared a common socio-political heritage. Why then was it
Athens alone that achieved such heights in so many different areas? Answer the
following questions to trace its logical pattern of growth.
 Most of what we know about the social structure of Archaic Greece comes from the writings of this man.
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 During the Archaic period, this group meted out social justice. ________________________________
 During the Archaic period, life was especially hard for this group. ______________________________
 Land poverty during the Archaic period caused the development of these. _______________________
 During the Archaic period, a surplus of these developed. ________________________
 The people of Hellenic city-states began to congregate and communicate at this location.
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 The first political change in Greece was the rise of this group of rulers. ___________________________
 What were the three socio-economic factions that competed for political power in Athens?
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Match the following Athenians to their particular political reform:
_____Cleisthenes
A. Established the Council of Four Hundred, gave some political power to the lower
classes, and encouraged trade, which made Athens rich.
_____ Draco
B. Redistributed land to the lower classes and established Athens as a center of
learning and art.
_____ Pisistratos
C. A series of very harsh laws that applied to everyone, regardless of class.
_____ Solon
D. Made Athens a true democracy with the establishment of demes and the Council
of Five Hundred.
 The pivotal moment in Western civilization was the invasion of Greece by this totalitarian state.
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 Which historian chronicled this war? _______________________
 To defend itself, Athens developed the ancient world’s strongest _______________________.
Explain the following statement:
During the war Leonidas of Sparta acted like Hector, while Themistocles of Athens used the same
methods as Odysseus.
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At this moment in history, Athens was a proud victor, a flourishing democracy, a
center of art and learning, and the richest Hellenic city-state.
PAGES 73, 74, 75, 77, 78
WHY NOT ATHENS?
 For thirty-two years this man symbolized Athenian democracy. ___________________________________
 During this man’s age, concern for the state was replaced by this. __________________________________
 During this man’s age, an Athenian Empire replaced this. ____________________________________
 In 431 BC, war broke out between Athens and this rival city-state. _________________________
 What was this war called? _____________________________________________
 Which historian chronicled this war? ______________________________________________
 How did the Athenians feel about this rival? ___________________________________________________
 How do you think that HUBRIS affected the citizens of Athens?
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 What happened inside the city of Athens during the war? [p.73] ___________________________________
 What happened on the island of Melos in 416BC?
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 What happened to the Athenians on the island of Sicily?
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 Which traitor symbolized the extremes of Athenian individualism? ________________________________
 Did either side win this long war? __________________________
At this moment in history, Athens was no longer the dominant political
power of Greece, but it was still the cultural center.