Download Chapter 11 Section 5 Notes Thirteenth Amendment – amends the

Chapter 11 Section 5 Notes
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Thirteenth Amendment – amends the Constitution to outlaw slavery in the United States
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John Wilkes Booth – assassinated President Lincoln
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Mathew Brady – photographer who documented the horrors of war with his pictures of Civil
War battles
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Land Grant College Act – gave money from sale of public lands to states to establish universities
that taught agriculture and mechanical arts
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The Civil War had lasting effects on the North and the South.
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With the end of the war, Americans faced the challenge of rebuilding the nation.
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A possible end to the war?
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In February 1865, the Confederacy sent a committee to discuss with Lincoln a possible end to
the war.
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Congress had just proposed the Thirteenth Amendment outlawing slavery but the Confederate
peace delegation could not accept it.
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In the final months of the war, Grant tried to take Richmond.
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He laid siege to Petersburg just outside of and on the supply route of Richmond.
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In April 1865, Lee tried, unsuccessfully, to retreat to North Carolina.
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Lee formally surrendered to Grant in the town of Appomattox Court House, Virginia on April 9,
1865.
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Conditions of the surrender were simply for the Confederates to “lay down their arms.”
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Just six days later, the nation was shocked when John Wilkes Booth assassinated President
Lincoln.
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Booth and four others had planned to kill the President, Vice President, and Secretary of State.
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They wanted to bring chaos to the Union so the South could regroup and continue the war.
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Booth was shot when found hiding in a barn in Virginia. His four accomplices were captured
and hanged.
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Thousands in cities and towns paid their respects as Lincoln’s body was transferred to
Springfield, Illinois.
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Lincoln’s death: United his northern supporters and critics. Caused intense disagreement in the
Union over how to reunite the nation. Left the nation without a strong, steady hand guiding the
Union.
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At beginning of the Civil War, the South had strong advantages.
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Military Strategy: Did not need to attack or conquer the North; had only to avoid defeat to win
the war
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Leadership: Many United States Army officers sided with the South at the outbreak of the war
(foremost among them was Robert E. Lee).
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Morale: Most white southerners were willing to fight to protect their way of life.
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As the war continued, the South was weakened because: It used up its existing resources and
was unable to call upon fresh troops and supplies. Failed in gaining a European ally that could
supply Confederate troops.
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Why did the North win the Civil War?
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The North had more resources: Abundant resources-Larger population-Emergence of new
military leaders-Leadership of Lincoln-Determination of African Americans to end slavery
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Deadly War: The war ushered in modern warfare that meant huge casualties. The death toll
from the Civil War was greater than any war America has fought. For the first time, the horror
of war was recorded for all to see by photo-journalists like Mathew Brady.
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The economic costs for both sides were staggering.
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Impact of the Civil War in the South: Cities and the countryside lay in ruins. Soldiers returned
to find their homes and farms in shambles. African Americans, particularly in the South, had to
adjust to their new freedom. As Reconstruction progressed, blacks learned that freedom was
not always a reality in southern states. Many African Americans migrated west, taking
advantage of the Homestead Act and the chance to own land.
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Impact of the Civil War in the North: The industrial boom fed by the war continued and
flourished, changing the U.S. into world economic force. Congress passed a tariff law protecting
the northern industries.
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Impact of the war on the nation: The new Land Grant College Act established state universities
to teach agriculture and the mechanical arts. Sectional differences never again led to states
leaving the Union. The economic, political, and social life of the nation became more
interwoven. The federal government increasingly played a larger role in American lives.