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Ancient Greece Review
Geography of Greece
The Geography and History of Greece
Crete
• The largest and most
populous Greek island
– Located in the Aegean Sea
• About 160 miles long and
40 miles wide
• A very important trading
center
Crete!
Aegean Sea
• Located between Greece
and the Anatolian
Peninsula
• Over 1,000 islands
– Archipelago- A chain or
cluster of islands
Ionian Sea
• Borders the west part of Greece
• Contains the Ionian Islands
Mediterranean Sea
• The Mediterranean Sea
links 3 continents:
– Europe, Africa, and Asia
• Connected to the Atlantic
Ocean by the Strait of
Gibraltar
Your Map
Mt. Olympus
• The highest mountain
in Greece
– 9,500 feet tall
• Home of the 12
Olympian Gods of
Greek of Mythology
•
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Athens
• The capital and largest city of
Greece
• Named after the Greek
Goddess “Athena”
• The birthplace of Democracy
• Today, over 3 million people
live in Athens
The city of Athens and the Acropolis
Democracy began in Athens.
508 BCE
• We still use this term today meaning 'ruled by
the people'.
• Male citizens were given the chance to vote in
order to decide how the city-state should be
run.
• This is often said to be one of the Ancient
Greek’s greatest ideas.
Greek theatres first became popular in
Athens.
472 BCE
• Greeks found entertainment by visiting
theatres to see magicians, jugglers and plays.
• The actors often wore masks to show the
audience if they were happy or sad.
The Parthenon in Athens was finished.
432 BCE
• This huge temple was built to house a statue
of the Goddess Athena.
• She was put there to look over and protect the
city-state.
Athens and Sparta
Athens
• Men had more rights than women
– Women usually stayed at home while
men gathered in the city
• Boys were educated
– Girls stayed home with their mothers
and learned how to raise children and
do domestic work
• Athens was the center of Greek
culture
– Sculpture, music, drama, temples, etc.
• Athens had a democracy, but only
men could participate in government
• Athens had a strong navy
Sparta
• Men trained for the military at a very
young age. Women ran the household and
businesses while the men trained.
– Helots (Spartan slaves) did the manual labor
• Men were sent to military school at age 7.
Women were also trained and encouraged
to stay fit and ready to defend Sparta.
• Daily life and culture centered around the
military. Sparta did not have the arts that
Athens did.
• Ruled by a military oligarchy
– Military controls the people. A council of
elders made important decisions
• Sparta had a very strong military and made
allies with many city-states that disliked
Athens
Way of Life
• All males were required to be
soldiers
• At the age of 7, all males were
sent to military training camps
• Spartan males were required to
marry by the age of 30
• They served in the military until
age 60
Sparta
• Sparta was much different than Athens. They
ignored new ideas and focused on building a
strong military
– Others considered Spartan life to be harsh and
had no desire to live this way
• The Spartans isolated themselves from the
rest of Greece
City-States
• Polis- A Greek city-state
– City-states were governed differently
• Monarchy- Ruled by a king or queen
• Oligarchy- Ruled by a small group of wealthy
people
• Tyranny- Ruled by a military leader who
overthrew the previous government
• Democracy- Ruled by the people
Limits to Democracy
• Athenian democracy was only for males
• Women, slaves, and others that were not born
in Athens had no political or legal rights
– As a result, Athens was ruled by a minority, not a
majority of its residents
Philosophers
• Socrates (470-399 BC): A
philosopher who taught
people to search for truth. He
often questioned authority
and angered government
leaders
Philosophers
• Plato (427-347 BC): A student
of Socrates. He established a
school called “The Academy”
and taught students
philosophy, science, and
math. He also wrote “The
Republic”, a book that
describes the ideal form of
government
Philosophers
• Aristotle (384-322 BC): A
student of Plato. He
opened his own school
called “The Lyceum”. He
wrote hundreds of essays
on government and science
Greek Mythology
The Olympians
• The Olympians- The 12 Main
Gods of Ancient Greek Religion
– Greek religion was polytheistic
• They lived on Mt. Olympus, the
highest mountain in Greece
• The Greeks also believed in
demigods
– Half god and half human
Oracle
• Oracle- Someone that
could speak the messages
of the gods
– Pythia, the Oracle at
Delphi, was the most wellknown
– Pythia only gave
prophecies the seventh
day of each month
• Other oracles include
Dodona and Trophonius
Zeus (Jupiter in Roman Mythology)
• King of the gods and ruler of
Mount Olympus
• God of the sky, lightning,
thunder, law, order and justice
• Symbols: Thunderbolt and
eagle
• Married to Hera
• The Olympics were
dedicated to him
Hera (Juno in Roman Mythology)
• Queen of the gods
• Goddess of marriage and
family
• Symbols: Peacock, crown,
and lion
• Wife of Zeus