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The First Muslims
World History
Chapter 9
Assignment
 Sports and 9/11:
 What was the role of sports in healing after 9/11?
 What was the reaction nationwide?
 Music and 9/11:
 How did music help people heal after 9/11?
 What artists/songs were created in response? What was
the population’s reaction?
Arabian Peninsula
Organization of life
 Nomadic life led to organization of tribes
 Tribes were loosely connected
 Each tribe ruled by a sheikh
Arabs were polytheistic
but still believed in Allah
Early religion
The Black Stone
 Each tribe had its own stone that symbolized Allah
 All tribes worshiped a black meteorite called the Black
Stone
 This was placed in a shrine called the Kaaba in Mecca
 Mecca became a central city on trade routes
Muhammad
Changes the world
Muhammad
 Born to a merchant family, he was orphaned at age 5
 Eventually married a rich widow named Khadija
 Main concern: the greediness of the rich
 Left Mecca to meditate
Muhammad’s Revelations
The angel Gabriel delivered God’s word
This was completing the word delivered in Jewish and Christian traditions
This was the final revelation
The Quran
Contains the revelations from Gabriel
Basically: the ethical guidelines and laws for followers to live
Followers of Islam are
called Muslims
(just like followers of
Christ are called
Christians)
One thing to remember
Muhammad’s message
Mecca
Medina

No one believed him

Gained support from the Arabs in the
desert known as bedouin

Wealthy felt he was dangerous

Started Muslim community

Disappointed, Muhammad left
Mecca

Thing to remember: no separation
between religious and political
authority

In 622 traveled to Medina (“city
of the prophet)

Muhammad returns to Mecca in 630
with 10,000 men

Declares Mecca a sacred city

This is called the Hijrah

This became year 1 in the
Islamic calendar


Hajj: Pilgrimmage to Mecca
Dies in 632
Teachings of Islam
 Monotheistic
 5 pillar of Islam:
 Emphasize salvation and life
after death

Belief

Prayer
Must submit to Allah’s will

Charity

Fasting

Pilgrimmage

 Muhammad is not
considered divine

Unlike Christianity
 Quran is sacred book
1. Belief
 There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his
messenger
2. Prayer
 Pray 5 times a day and face Mecca
3. Charity
 Must give part of their wealth to the poor
 Remember: this was one of Muhammad’s main
concerns
4. Fasting
 During Ramadan, Muslims don’t eat food and drink
from dawn to sunset
5. Hajj
 All Muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca
once in their lifetime (if possible)
Shari’ah law: Applies
teachings of Quran to
everyday life. Does NOT
separate religious life
from government life
Last thing
Write 1-page paper on
9/11
Homework
The Caliphates
Important term: caliph
Vocabulary
What is a caliphate?
Vocabulary
Important term: jihad
Vocabulary
Abu-Bakr
Who was he?
Battle of Tours
Very significant in history. Why?
680: What happens?
Perhaps the most important year/event in Muslim history
Two main Muslim groups
Shia
Sunni

Accept only the descendants of
Ali as the true rulers of Islam

Accepted non-descendants of
Ali as rulers

Iraq and Iran are mostly Shi’ite
Muslims

Most Muslims are Sunni