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NAME _____________________________________________ DATE ______________________
Chapter 17: Electricity – Guided Notes
Electric Charge
• Electricity: ________________________________________________________________________
• Protons (+) are trapped in the nucleus, so moving electrons (-) are responsible for
electricity
• Electric Charge: _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
• Like energy, electric charge is never ____________ or _______________
• The SI unit of electric charge is the ______________________, (C)
Transfer of Electric Charge
• When _______________ between two points differ because ___________________ build up, the
electric charge can be _____________________
• This can happen through ___________________, ____________________, or ______________
• Induction: _________________________________________________________________________
• Conduction: ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
• Friction: ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
• _________________ electricity happens when the charges build up, but
don’t __________________
• Although _________________ can jump between ________________, it
often travels through a _________________________
• Electrical Conductor:
________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
• The best conductors are ________________ because their _______________________ are not
tightly bound to the ___________________
• Electrical Insulator: _________________________________________________________________
• The __________________ are tightly bound in _______________________, most plastics are
_________________________
Electric Force
• Electric charges exert a ________________
• Electric Force: _____________________________________________________________________
• _____________ charges _______________, opposites _________________
• This force ___________________ as the ___________________ between charges
___________________
Electric Field
• Electric Field: ________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
• Any _______________ that is placed in an electric ______________ will be pushed or
_________________ by the ______________
• For example, if you have a ____ charge, and place a ____ charge near it, they will ___________
Current
• Electric Current: ____________________________________________________________________
•
•
• Related more to the __________________ than the _________________
The SI unit of current is the ____________________ (A)
1 amp = _____________________ electrons per sec.
(6,250,000,000,000,000,000!)
When _____________________ flow, they carry _________________ that can
be used to do _________________
Electrical Potential Energy
• Electrical Potential Energy: __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
• Charges naturally move from an area with __________________________ ______________ to
an area with __________________________________
• Electrical PE is measured in ________________ (V)
Electrical Power & Energy
• When ____________________ flow, they transfer __________________ and transform
________________________ energy into other forms of energy (_________________,
_________________, ________________)
• Electrical Power: __________________________________________________________________
• The SI unit for power is the _____________ (W)
• Electric __________________ is calculated by multiplying the total _________________, I, by
the ____________________, V, in a ____________________
Voltage
• Voltage: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
• Voltage sets _________________ in _________________
• Think of a battery - there is ________________ across the _________________
• One terminal is __________________ and the other is __________________
• Electrons will always flow from (-) to (+) when they are connected
Direct Current (DC)
• ____________ of a _______________ always in ___________________________
• The amount of ____________________ can change, but it will always flow in
the same ___________________
• For example – a _________________
• In metals, moving ________________ make up the ________________
• ___________________ is a form of DC caused by _______________________________ in clouds.
• ____________________ is formed when ___________ molecules move past each other (like
clothes in a dryer), and ______________________ charges group at the bottom of the cloud and
transfer _______________________ to the ground, which has taken on a ___________________
charge.
• Battery: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
• When the _______ and ________ terminals are connected through a ________________, they
produce a flow of ________________ from negative to ___________________, which powers the
device.
Alternating Current (AC)
• Flow of charge _____________________________, changing its
_____________________ many times in one second.
• AC power is used all over the world because it’s
_____________________ and easier to make devices with
__________________________
• All of the appliances and lights in your house probably run off of AC
power
Conventional Current
• ___________________ move from areas of ________________ charge to ___________________
• _______________________ current moves in the other direction – ________________ to
________________
• The direction of ________________ is __________________ to the direction that the
__________________ move
Electrical Resistance
• Resistance: ________________________________________________________________________
• _______________________ is caused by internal __________________, which slows the
movement of _______________ through a ____________________ material
• All materials have some ______________________
• ___________________ are low, ____________________ are high
• Resistor: __________________________________________________________________________
• Resistance is measured in ___________ (Ω)
• 1 Ω = 1 V/A
• Ohm’s Law: ________________________________________________________________________
• ____________________ provides a way to measure the ___________________ of objects and
materials
• Semiconductors: materials that have ________________________ properties between those of
____________________ and ___________________, and conduct under certain conditions.
• Remember your periodic table!
• Superconductors: some ________________ and compounds that have _______________
resistance when their _______________________ falls below the critical temperature
• __________________________ range based on the superconductor – can be as low as
__________ ºC (–458 ºF) and as high as ___________ ºC (–189 ºF)
• Once __________________ is established in a ________________________, it will continue even
if ____________________ is removed, making them very useful
• Superconducting ______________________ are so strong they are used to
_______________________ trains (MagLev Trains) which reduces the ________________
between a normal train and the ________________
• For any conductor, an __________________ in ________________________ will increase
______________________
Circuits
• Electric Circuit: __________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
• Closed Circuit: ________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
• Open Circuit: ________________________________________________________
•
____________________________________________________________________
___________________ interrupt the flow of ____________________ in a
circuit.
• You can use a switch to open and close a circuit.
Series Circuit
• Series Circuit: _____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
• __________________ in each device is the same, but ______________________ and the
__________________ across each device may differ
• If one ___________________ along the path in a
_______________ circuit is ___________________, the circuit
will not work
• A string of old Christmas lights is an example of a series
circuit
Parallel Circuit
• Parallel Circuit: _________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
• ___________________ is the same across each __________________,
and the sum of all currents equals the total ___________________
• A break in any one path does not __________________ the flow of
_____________________________
• Newer Christmas lights and household circuits are an example
Circuit Breakers
• When ________________________________ carry more than a safe
level of ___________________, the circuit is
_________________________.
• Overloaded circuits can cause _____________
• Short Circuit:
______________________________________________________________________
• Circuit Breaker: ____________________________________________________________________
Fuses
• Fuse: _______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
• Fuses melt to prevent circuit _____________________.
Schematic Diagrams
• Schematic Diagram:
__________________________________________________________
• Uses ______________ to represent ______________
• Uses _________________ to represent ____________________
• Schematic diagrams use standard _________________________ and can be
used to describe all ___________________________________