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NAME _____________________________________________ DATE ______________________ Chapter 17: Electricity – Guided Notes Electric Charge • Electricity: ________________________________________________________________________ • Protons (+) are trapped in the nucleus, so moving electrons (-) are responsible for electricity • Electric Charge: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ • Like energy, electric charge is never ____________ or _______________ • The SI unit of electric charge is the ______________________, (C) Transfer of Electric Charge • When _______________ between two points differ because ___________________ build up, the electric charge can be _____________________ • This can happen through ___________________, ____________________, or ______________ • Induction: _________________________________________________________________________ • Conduction: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ • Friction: ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ • _________________ electricity happens when the charges build up, but don’t __________________ • Although _________________ can jump between ________________, it often travels through a _________________________ • Electrical Conductor: ________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ • The best conductors are ________________ because their _______________________ are not tightly bound to the ___________________ • Electrical Insulator: _________________________________________________________________ • The __________________ are tightly bound in _______________________, most plastics are _________________________ Electric Force • Electric charges exert a ________________ • Electric Force: _____________________________________________________________________ • _____________ charges _______________, opposites _________________ • This force ___________________ as the ___________________ between charges ___________________ Electric Field • Electric Field: ________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ • Any _______________ that is placed in an electric ______________ will be pushed or _________________ by the ______________ • For example, if you have a ____ charge, and place a ____ charge near it, they will ___________ Current • Electric Current: ____________________________________________________________________ • • • Related more to the __________________ than the _________________ The SI unit of current is the ____________________ (A) 1 amp = _____________________ electrons per sec. (6,250,000,000,000,000,000!) When _____________________ flow, they carry _________________ that can be used to do _________________ Electrical Potential Energy • Electrical Potential Energy: __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ • Charges naturally move from an area with __________________________ ______________ to an area with __________________________________ • Electrical PE is measured in ________________ (V) Electrical Power & Energy • When ____________________ flow, they transfer __________________ and transform ________________________ energy into other forms of energy (_________________, _________________, ________________) • Electrical Power: __________________________________________________________________ • The SI unit for power is the _____________ (W) • Electric __________________ is calculated by multiplying the total _________________, I, by the ____________________, V, in a ____________________ Voltage • Voltage: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ • Voltage sets _________________ in _________________ • Think of a battery - there is ________________ across the _________________ • One terminal is __________________ and the other is __________________ • Electrons will always flow from (-) to (+) when they are connected Direct Current (DC) • ____________ of a _______________ always in ___________________________ • The amount of ____________________ can change, but it will always flow in the same ___________________ • For example – a _________________ • In metals, moving ________________ make up the ________________ • ___________________ is a form of DC caused by _______________________________ in clouds. • ____________________ is formed when ___________ molecules move past each other (like clothes in a dryer), and ______________________ charges group at the bottom of the cloud and transfer _______________________ to the ground, which has taken on a ___________________ charge. • Battery: ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ • When the _______ and ________ terminals are connected through a ________________, they produce a flow of ________________ from negative to ___________________, which powers the device. Alternating Current (AC) • Flow of charge _____________________________, changing its _____________________ many times in one second. • AC power is used all over the world because it’s _____________________ and easier to make devices with __________________________ • All of the appliances and lights in your house probably run off of AC power Conventional Current • ___________________ move from areas of ________________ charge to ___________________ • _______________________ current moves in the other direction – ________________ to ________________ • The direction of ________________ is __________________ to the direction that the __________________ move Electrical Resistance • Resistance: ________________________________________________________________________ • _______________________ is caused by internal __________________, which slows the movement of _______________ through a ____________________ material • All materials have some ______________________ • ___________________ are low, ____________________ are high • Resistor: __________________________________________________________________________ • Resistance is measured in ___________ (Ω) • 1 Ω = 1 V/A • Ohm’s Law: ________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________ provides a way to measure the ___________________ of objects and materials • Semiconductors: materials that have ________________________ properties between those of ____________________ and ___________________, and conduct under certain conditions. • Remember your periodic table! • Superconductors: some ________________ and compounds that have _______________ resistance when their _______________________ falls below the critical temperature • __________________________ range based on the superconductor – can be as low as __________ ºC (–458 ºF) and as high as ___________ ºC (–189 ºF) • Once __________________ is established in a ________________________, it will continue even if ____________________ is removed, making them very useful • Superconducting ______________________ are so strong they are used to _______________________ trains (MagLev Trains) which reduces the ________________ between a normal train and the ________________ • For any conductor, an __________________ in ________________________ will increase ______________________ Circuits • Electric Circuit: __________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ • Closed Circuit: ________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ • Open Circuit: ________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________ interrupt the flow of ____________________ in a circuit. • You can use a switch to open and close a circuit. Series Circuit • Series Circuit: _____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ • __________________ in each device is the same, but ______________________ and the __________________ across each device may differ • If one ___________________ along the path in a _______________ circuit is ___________________, the circuit will not work • A string of old Christmas lights is an example of a series circuit Parallel Circuit • Parallel Circuit: _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ • ___________________ is the same across each __________________, and the sum of all currents equals the total ___________________ • A break in any one path does not __________________ the flow of _____________________________ • Newer Christmas lights and household circuits are an example Circuit Breakers • When ________________________________ carry more than a safe level of ___________________, the circuit is _________________________. • Overloaded circuits can cause _____________ • Short Circuit: ______________________________________________________________________ • Circuit Breaker: ____________________________________________________________________ Fuses • Fuse: _______________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ • Fuses melt to prevent circuit _____________________. Schematic Diagrams • Schematic Diagram: __________________________________________________________ • Uses ______________ to represent ______________ • Uses _________________ to represent ____________________ • Schematic diagrams use standard _________________________ and can be used to describe all ___________________________________