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Rocks that are formed from solidification of molten rock materials. 8H Igneous rocks Igneous rocks Tough rocks with no plates visible. The crystals (if you can see them) often interlock and run in different directions. No fossils present – EVER! Rocks do not form in flat beds. Non-porous (will not let water through) INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Rocks that solidify below the Earth’s surface or underground, cooling slowly to produce coarse-grained rocks. DIORITE GABBRO GRANITE PEGMATITE EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS Rocks that solidify above the Earth’s surface, cooling quickly to produce fine-grained rocks. ANDESITE BASALT OBSIDIAN PUMICE RHYOLITE SCORIA Rocks that are formed from accumulation of sediments. 8H Sedimentary Sedimentary rocks Often look like flat plates stuck together. Grains often visible, these can crumble apart. Fossils can be present. Rocks come from flat beds. Often porous (let water pass through easily). CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Rocks that are formed from mechanical weathering debris. BRECCIA CONGLOMERATE SAND STONE SHALE CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Rocks that are formed when dissolved materials precipitate from solution. HALITE / ROCK SALT ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Rocks that are formed from accumulation of plant/animal debris. COAL Rocks that are formed through modification by heat and/or pressure deep in the Earth’s surface. 8H Metamorphic rock Metamorphic rocks Often ‘sugary’ with particles that can be arranged in sheets or randomly. Remains of fossils sometimes present – but not often. Beds often have wavy bands. Often less porous than sedimentary rocks – but metamorphic rocks show a wide range of porosity. FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks that have layered or banded appearance due to exposure to heat and direct pressure. GNEISS PHYLLITE SCHIST NON-FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS Rocks that does not have layered or banded appearance. MARBLE AMPHIBOLITE HORNFELS QUARTZITE 8H The rock cycle