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Igneous Rocks
 When magma flows to the surface of the Earth, it is lava.
When the lava cools and forms a rock, it is an igneous
rock.
o Basalt- concrete aggregate, asphalt aggregate,
monuments
o Pumice- exfoliate
o Granite- building structures, countertops
o Gabbro- crushed stone for concrete aggregate, road
metal, black granite
o Obsidian- arrowheads
 Aggregate- mixture of minerals separable by
mechanical means
Sedimentary Rocks
 Accumulation and consolidation of sediments into rocks.
The origin of the sediments is the weathering, erosion,
and chemical breakdown of other rocks. Formed in layers.
Needs water.
o Coal- formed from decayed plants. Used to make
electricity.
o Limestone- production of lime (farming), paper,
fiberglass, glass, carpet backing
o Shale- components of brick and cement
o Sandstone- used for construction
o Past uses- statues, homes, tombs, Great Pyramids
o Flint- ancient tools and weapons
Metamorphic Rocks
 Formed when other rocks (mostly sedimentary) are
subjected to heat and pressure, thus changing the
character of the initial rocks distinctively.
o Slate- roofing material, decorative stone,
chalkboard
o Marble- building and sculpture material (past and
present), soaps and cleaning products
o Schist- garden decoration, paving, sometimes
sculpture
o Quartzite- same uses as sandstone
o Serpentine- carving and ornamental stone