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GEOG 1210 – Exam 1 Chapter 1 Know Know Know Know Know Know Know Know Know the difference between physical and historical geology the difference between a hypothesis and a theory what the rock, tectonic & hydrologic cycles describe the 4 subsystems (spheres) of Earth what the process of differentiation is what regolith is what Earth’s “plates” are made of why studying geology is important what uniformitarianism means and how it relates to Earth’s past Chapter 3 Know Know Know Know Know the 4 principles of stratigraphy (i.e. what they are & what they mean) the difference between an unconformity and a fossil the difference between paleontology and paleomagnetism how old Earth is, how old the oldest rock is, and how old the oldest mineral grain is what a half life is and how it applies to parent & daughter atoms Chapter 2 Know Know Know Know Know Know Know o o Know what an atom is what an isotope is the differences between the 4 types of bonds the 5 criteria for a substance to be considered a mineral which mineral group contains the majority of minerals in Earth’s crust the importance of studying minerals prior to studying rocks the different methods used to ID minerals and how to use them Luster, hardness, cleavage, color, streak, density Mohs scale the difference between the 3 types of rocks (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) Chapter 6 Know Know Know Know Know Know Know o o Know Know Know Know Know Know Know Know Know Know Know Know the difference between magma and lava what viscosity means the characteristics of shield and stratovolcanoes what tephra is and the sizes associated with it the difference between pahoehoe and a’a lava flows what a resurgent dome is the different types of hazards volcanoes create Know the difference between a pyroclastic flow and a lahar Know how a volcano could have global impacts the difference between active, dormant & extinct volcanoes the signs of a possible volcanic eruption what the geothermal gradient is what fractional melting is what substance makes up a large portion of magma (by weight) what 2 characteristics are used to classify igneous rocks how rate of cooling affects crystal sizes in igneous rocks the difference between plutonic and volcanic rocks the difference between aphanitic and phaneritic textures the difference between felsic and mafic igneous compositions the difference between a batholith, a sill, and a dike the “uncommon” uses for igneous rocks