Download The Start of the Civil War

The War Begins
19.1
Presidential election of 1860
In 1860, Stephan Douglas and
Abraham Lincoln ran against
each other again, this time for
president.
Lincoln had become well known
from their debates about slavery.
This time, Lincoln won,
becoming the 16th president.
Learning Target #1
• Describe what led to
the bombardment of Ft.
Sumter and explain
why this event was
important
Abraham Lincoln Faced a Crisis
• Asked for
unity in his
inauguration
speech
Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• Since South Carolina
had seceded from the
United States, it didn’t
want Northern soldiers
on its land at Fort
Sumter
• Southern General
Beauregard tried to get
the northern general
Anderson to peacefully
l
surrender Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
• Confederate officials
began seizing federalmint branches,
arsenals, and military
posts.
• Fort Sumter was a
Federal outpost
guarding entrance to
Charleston, SC. harbor
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
• Confederate forces asked
for its surrender.
• Lincoln refused and sent
ships with supplies.
• Confederate cannons
began firing on April 12,
1861.
• Fort Sumter fell 34 hours
later.
• The Civil War began.
Abraham Lincoln
• Declared South to
be in rebellion
• Requested state
governors to
supply 75,000
militiamen
Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm
Learning Target #2
• Identify which side of
the conflict Arkansas
& the Upper South
joined & explain why
All free Northern
states remained loyal
to the Union
Southern states
that had not
seceded had
to choose sides
NC, Tenn, Ark & Va joined Confederacy
providing soldiers and industrial
resources after Lincoln’s call for troops
Four slave states remained in Union
Jefferson Davis
• President for
the South
• South’s
Capital was
Richmond,
Virginia
http://www.heritagephotographs.com/presjefdav18.html
Learning Target #3
•Explain why both North
and South wanted to
claim the border states
The Border States
• Ky & Mo controlled key stretches
of Ohio & Mississippi Rivers
• Maryland enclosed Washington
D.C.
• People were divided
• West Virginia 1863
Which slave
states
remained in the
Union?
North
South
23 States
11 States
Union
Confederate
Yankee
Rebel
Blue Coats
Grey Coats
USA
CSA
Army of the Potomac
River
Virginia
Federal
Northern Advantages
• Larger population
– North 22 million
– South Only 9 million
•
•
•
•
•
More ships
Larger, more efficient railroad system
Lincoln - Very intelligent and dedicated
More industry - 81% of nation’s factories
Better banking system to raise $ for the war
– 75% of nation’s wealth
More Specific Northern Advantages
• Wealth produced:
– Factory production
– Textile goods produced
– Iron production
– Coal production
– Farm acreage
– Draft animals
– Livestock
– Wheat production
– Corn production
Northern Disadvantages
• Fought on Southern lands
• Divided support for the war
• Many believed the South had good
chance of winning
Southern Advantages
• Skilled officers and a strong military
tradition
•
Other
Southern
Advantages
Fighting a defensive war
– Local support of all men
– familiarity with terrain
• Motivation: seeking
independence, unified support
• Short communication lines/
friendly population
• Experienced officer corps- (Lee,
Jackson, Pickett)
• Cotton - necessary for textile
factories of England and France
• Slave Labor in the early part of
the war
Overview of Southern
Disadvantages
• Smaller population
• Few factories to
manufacture weapons and
supplies
• Poor transportation system
• Weak federal government =
not strong enough to control
Southern states
– Jefferson Davis did not
have complete power
like Lincoln
Rating the North & South
Learning Target #4
•Analyze the strategies
each side followed at
the beginning of the
war
North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
Goal: surround the
Confederacy and
squeeze them into
submission
The Anaconda Plan
• Capture Richmond and force surrender
• Expel Confederates from border states
• Control of the Mississippi River to Stop
the transport of:
–
–
–
–
–
–
soldiers
Weapons
Ammunition
Clothes
Food
other supplies needed
• Blockade southern ports to stop
– cotton shipments
– supplies from foreign nations
Southern Strategy
•
Goal: to be recognized as an
independent nation in order to
preserve their way of life
•
Defend its homeland, holding onto
as much territory as possible until
the North got tired of fighting
•
Capture Washington, D.C.
•
Control border states
•
Gain England's support Cotton
Diplomacy
•
Expel Union troops from South
Which side was
best prepared
for victory at the
start of the war?
Slave/Free States
Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources:
North &
South
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
The Union & Confederacy in
1861
Secession!: Post Fort Sumter