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Transcript
Chapter 10 18th Century/ 1700’s • Homogenous, self contained societies are disappearing, things are becoming more global • Increase in manufacturing • Increase in middle classes • Age of enlightenment or simple the enlightenment. – Increased exchange of knowledge and learning – Increased demand and supply of dictionaries and encyclopedias. What is “good” acting? • Rococo Art • Antoine Watteau, • Pierrot, 1718-1719 Denis Diderot • Denis Diderot • Drame– a serious play that did not fit the neoclassical idea of tragedy • Ex. Middle class tragedy • Domestic tragedy • Rise in middle class plays reflected the rising middle class audience More Diderot • Actor’s Paradox • Best actors invoke strong emotions in an audience by using calculation and craft, NOT by experiencing the emotions themselves. • Strasberg wouldn’t agree Diderot • Wanted greater realism on stage – Acting and scenery • "When you write or act, think no more of the audience than if it had never existed. Imagine a huge wall across the front of the stage, separating you from the audience, and behave exactly as if the curtain had never risen.“ • Developed the concept of the fourth wall Diderot’s Fourth Wall • An imaginary wall between the actor and the audience. • Actor’s shouldn’t acknowledge the audience and the audience should not interfere with the actor Diderot’s theories were (are) contraverisial • Henry Irving Opposed Diderot 100 years later Acting in England • Rehearsal were about 3 hours a day for two weeks • In England actors were mainly contracted, rehearsals run by the actor-manager. • French actors in government theatres were part of a sharing plan. Comedie Francaise was democratic, actors voted. • Shows started at 5 or 6pm, a whole evening of entertainment (musical performance, full length play, entertainments between acts, afterpiece, sometimes a short one act. Dumesnil vs. Clairon James Quinn, actor (1693-1766) Charles Macklin Charles Macklin David Garrick • Started as an actor, played Richard III in 1741 in Goodman’s Fields, an unlicensed theatre. • Noted for having a natural style, based his action on observation Garrick • Became actor-manager of Drury Lane • Made actors rehearse longer and to performance standards • Established penalties for not following rules • Gave actors direction • Worked with designer and inventor Philip James de Loutherbourg Garrick • Placed lights behind scenery • Introduced local color, did away with stock scenery • Shortened the apron • Did not allow actors to use the stage doors • Removed seating on the stage Johan Wolfgang von Goethe Weimar Court • • • • • Rules for Actors Stage German (RP in UK) Oversaw staging and costumes Believed in historical accuracy Audience reactions should be limited to applause or no applause. Goethe’s Three Questions • What was the artist trying to do? • Was he/she successful in doing it? • Was it worth doing? Carlo Goldoni and Carlo Gozzi • Both were involved with writing commedia dell’arte plays • Goldoni wanted more realism; • moved commedia from scenarios to full scripts, • discouraged masks and improvisation Gozzi • • • • Theatre of the fabulous Commedia meets prose and poetry Planned in improvise actions Both were popular and were influential