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ENERGY! Unit 2 Chapter 8 Pgs. 299-334 Lesson 1: Forms of Energy What can energy influence? What is energy? Energy will influence almost everything. (M.I.) Climate Economy Your body. Energy is the ability to cause change or to do work. What is Potential Energy and provide some examples. What is gravitational potential energy? Potential energy is stored energy due to the interaction between objects or particles. Objects that could move due to gravity Particles that could move because of electric or magnetic forces. (Protons and neutrons) Gravitational potential energy means that the object has mass and height above the earth’s surface. How are chemical energy and nuclear energy examples of potential energy? Chemical energy is the energy stored in and released from the bonds between atoms. (M.K.) Example: Our body will break down the chemical bonds in foods and then converts the released energy into other forms of energy our body can use. Nuclear energy is stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom. (M.K.) Nuclear fusion is where atoms join together. (The sun) Nuclear fission is where an atom breaks apart. (Nuclear power plants) What is kinetic energy and provide some examples. How is electric energy formed? Kinetic energy is energy caused by motion. It is related to an objects mass and speed. Roller coaster coming down a big hill! Electric energy is energy found in an electric current. (M.K.) Electrons move from one object to another causing their energy to be transferred into light. Our brains and nerves use the same type of systems. Compare mechanical and thermal energy. Both use a combination of kinetic and potential energy to occur. Mechanical energy is the sum of the two types of energy in a system. Mechanical energy has the ability to move another object. Thermal energy is the sum of both types of energy in the particles of an object. Particles that make up an object are in constant motion, even in solid ice! What is the difference between heat and temperature? Temperature is when you measure the AVERAGE kinetic energy of the particles in a material. Heat is the MOVEMENT of thermal energy from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. 2-2: Conservation Why do we need to look at using more renewable resources for energy? Renewable energy is an energy that can be replaced as fast, or faster, than it is used. When we use renewable resources we are conserving some of the limited resources we have. Nonrenewable energy are from resources that have limited amounts, or are used faster than they can be replaced. What happens to energy as it is used? The law of conservation of energy says that energy can not be created or destroyed, but it can change forms. Chemical energy from the food you eat is transformed into electrical energy to move your muscles. Energy transfer means that it is moving from one object to another without changing form. Hitting a ball with a bat is a transfer of mechanical energy. How do renewable resources transform into energy? Using the example of hydroelectric power, the renewable resource is water. Water falls from a river or dam and is channeled through a turbine. As the turbine spins, it creates mechanical energy that can be turned into electrical energy. A transformation just means that one form of energy is converted to another form. 2-3: Temperature and Heat What are the four states of matter? Solid, where the particles are so close together they can only vibrate in place. (M.K.) They have their own shape. Liquid, the particles have a little more room to move, but they still take on the shape of their container. (M.K.) Gas, the particles have no shape or volume, and they have a LOT of room to move. (M.K.) Plasma is the final state of matter. It is a type of gas that has a lot of energy. (M.K.) Particles are FAR apart. What happens when you add energy or heat to something? When you add heat or energy to something the temperature goes up. (M.K.) What happens when you take away energy or heat from something? When you take away energy or heat from something, the temperature goes down. (M.K) During any transfer of energy, heat is always given off as a by product. (M.I.) What is thermal energy? Give an example. Thermal energy is also called heat energy. It moves from things that are the warmest, to things that are cooler. Ice sitting on a table. The table has more heat than the ice, so the heat will move to the ice causing it to melt. What are thermal conductors and insulators? A thermal conductor is any material that allows thermal energy to move quickly through it. Metal is a great conductor A thermal insulator is any material that allows thermal energy to move slowly through it. Air is a great insulator In what ways can heat transfer from object to object? Heat can transfer in 3 ways. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter. A metal pan on a hot stove. Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. The heat coming off of a hot stove. Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another part. Water at the bottom of a hot pan will rise as it heats up, then once it begins to cool off it will sink to the bottom.