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The Athenian Empire, 454 - 404 BCE Background Founding Organization Religion Trade Decline/Fall -Greece was a collection of city - city states sprinkled across the tip of the Balkan Peninsula. In the sixth century BCE, the Ionian city state belonged to persia, which conquered them along with the rest of the Anatolian Peninsula. - In 494 BCE, city - state revolted, spurred on by Athens. Darius, the Persian emperor quickly squashed the uprising, and two years later, sent an army the get even with Athens. -In spite of of having a force several times larger as the Athenian army, the Persian suffered defeat on the plains of Arathon in 490BCE. In 480 BCE, Xerxes launched a second attack. Athenian navy was outfoxed and outmaneuvered -In 478, 104 Greek city state created alliance under Athenian leadership. - League was run by a council of representatives from member states, the Athenians, as a leading city state. - determine taxes - Athens prevent any city - state from dropping out. - Xerxes died in 456 BCE - Pericle fored more city states to join but did not allow them to leave. - In 454BCE, the league’s treasury was moved to Athens and The Delian League became the Athenian empire. - in 440s BCE, Athens controlled 172 tribute - paying city - state. -Was an oppressor. -Treated the states as though they were private property -Uncooperative states ha their land seized and handed out to Athenian colonists, and the governments were overthrown and replaced. -Taxes were collected. No external enemy. -Became very rich. -Citizens were used to support projects in Athens. -In 447BCE, League’s treasury paid for the construction of the Parthenon. -The arts including drama, flourished under the Athenian empire. ---Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Euripides, and Sophocles. -City-states were not happy about underwriting the glory of Athens. -Relatively peaceful and prosperity. -Religion was never an issue as all the citystates of the Athenian empire shard generally the same culture. -By 500BCE, however, the old polytheistic religion o Zeus, Hera, and Athena, had ceased to be used for much more than public ceremony. -Egyptian cult of the goddess Isis came in, bringing elaborate rites and restricted memberships. -Also, thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle used reason to develop systems of rational thought and philosophies. -The Athenian navy cleared the Aegean of pirates to allow all the merchants to increase trading. -As Athenians’ wealth and power (both political and commercial) increase, this alarmed the Spartans which were the allies in the wars against Persia. -In 460 BCE, the first Peloponnesian War broke and and in 445 BCE 30 year treaty was signed but in 431 BCE, the fighting resumed. -In 404, Spartans had imposing victory against Athens. -Athenian democracy was replaced by a Council of Thirty, and oligarchy, loyal to Sparta, Athenian property was plundered and a lot of citizens were exiled. the Persian. Xerxes watched his army defeated -Following year, Greeks defeated the Remnants of the Persian army at platea