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Transcript
Characteristics of all Greek city states • Small Size • Small population • An original polis (acropolis or high up place) • A public meeting place called an agora • This is how we identified whether or not it was a “Greek” city state. Greece changes Geographically Factors that brought them together and Factors that kept them apart • Rugged Mountains separating the valleys • Common Language, Religion, and festivals • Rivalries between citystates • Co-operative supervision of certain temples • separate legal systems • Belief that the Greeks were descended from the same ancestors • independent calendars, money, weights and measures • Fierce spirit of independence Political • Popular government - is the idea that people could and should rule themselves rather than be ruled by others. • Monarchy • Autocracy • Aristocracy • Oligarchy • Tyranny • Democracy ATHENS Golden Age Today Athenian Government • In early times ruled by kings • Later, the aristocracy, selected representatives called archons • Merchants later replaced some of the nobility • Finally, the four reformers (tyrannts) and we have Periclean democracy Athenian social classes • • • • Nobility Merchants, Artisans Peasant Slaves – common Athenian practice to free their slaves • Metics – foreigners allowed to live in Athens but could not become citizens SPARTA Spartan Government • First the Council of Old which had to have approval of the popular assembly of spartiates over 30 years of age • Later, 5 ephors ruled Spartan social stratification • Privileged rules class – spartiates • Small landholders, tradesmen, artisans – perioeci • Attached to the soil and provide auxiliary military service – helots • Slaves Citizen Rights a) access to courts b) no enslavement (but the very creation of citizen class makes the distinction that other people are slaves - that's what makes citizenship a privilege) c) religious and cultural participation d) death penalty was rare e) becoming a citizen was nearly impossible f) citizen duties - taxes, military service Characteristics of Greek Art (mostly Athenian) • Expressed ideals of harmony, balance, order and moderation. • Glorified humans • Combined beauty and usefulness • Symbolized pride of people in their citystates Red Figure Style Black Figure Style Greeks become teachers of me • Great Philosophers (SPA) • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • Greece absorbed into the Roman Empire and the Greeks teach the Romans • Later the de Medici’s of Florence rediscover the teachings and treasures of the Greeks and use them to form modern Europe Great Athenian Philosophers • Socrates - Know thyself! - question everything - only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness. • Plato - The Academy - the world of the FORMS - The Republic philosopher-king • Aristotle - the Lyceum “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation] Logic Scientific method. Persian Wars:499 BCE – 480 BCE Persian Wars • Marathon (490 BCE) - 26 miles from Athens • Thermopylae (480 BCE) - 300 Spartans at the mountain pass • Salamis (480 BCE) - Athenian navy victorious Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE Athens: The Arts & Sciences • DRAMA (tragedians): - Aeschylus - Sophocles - Euripides • THE SCIENCES: - Pythagoras • - Democritus all matter made up of small atoms. - Hippocrates “Father of Medicine” Acropolis The Acropolis Today The Parthenon The Agora The Classical Greek “Ideal” Delian and Archeon Leagues • 499 BCE beginning of Persian wars which lasted throughout the 5th century resulting in a unification of the Greek city states under first Athenian hegemony • The predominant influence, as of a state, region, or group, over another or others. • then under Sparta influence finally ending with the defeat of both and Thebes controlling before the ascension of Macedonia throughout the Agean Sea Peloponnesian Wars Macedonia Under Philip II Alexander the Great Alexander the Great’s Empire The Hellenization of Asia Economy of the Hellenistic World Alexander the Great in Persia Division of Alexander’s Empire