Download Enzymes

Enzymes
Do Now:
Explain what enzymes do
Agenda
Show Me A Card!
• Remember:
– Work Silently
– Don’t call out
– Put up your card at the same time as others
– Let’s get competitive!
2. A green plant is kept in a brightly lighted
area for 48 hours. What will most likely
occur if the light intensity is then reduced
slightly during the next 48 hours?
1.Photosynthesis will stop completely.
2.The rate at which nitrogen is used by the
plant will increase.
3.The rate at which oxygen is released from
the plant will decrease.
4.Glucose production inside each plant cell
will increase
An inorganic molecule
required by green plants for
the process of photosynthesis
is
1.oxygen
2.starch
3.carbon dioxide
4.glucose
Enzymes
A protein
that speeds
up the rate
of a chemical
reaction
Functions of Enzymes
• Digestion
(Breaks down)
• Synthesis
(to make)
Digestive Enzyme
• The enzyme(X)
attaches to the
starch and
breaks it up
into glucose
products
Synthesis Enzyme
• Helps simple
compounds
combine to
make
complex
compounds
Enzymes
• Substrate- the
molecules that
attaches to the
enzyme
• Active Site- the
area on an enzyme
where the
substrate attaches
Optimum Temperature
• The
temperature
that an
enzyme
works best
Temperature change
• Increase in
temperature
increases
enzyme rate
• Decrease in
temperature
decreases
enzyme rate
Extreme temperature change
• Inactivates
the enzyme
because it
destroys its
shape
Optimum pH
• Most
enzymes
work the
best at a
certain pH
An enzyme and four different molecules
are shown in the diagram below.
The enzyme would most likely affect
reactions involving
1.molecule A, only
2.molecule C, only
3.molecules B and D
4.molecules A and C
Which characteristic allows enzymes to
function in a specific way?
1.Enzymes are complex compounds
composed of starch.
2.Each enzyme has a characteristic shape.
3.Enzymes are long, complex fats.
4.Each enzyme is made up of four subunits
Compound X increases the rate of the
reaction below.
Compound X is most likely
1.an enzyme
2.a lipid molecule
3.an indicator
4.an ADP molecule
Substances X and Y are examples of which kind
of molecule?
1.simple sugar
2.amino acid
3.fat
4.hormone
The diagram illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in
organisms. The substance labeled “catalyst” is also known as
1.a hormone
2.an enzyme
3.an antibody
4.an inorganic compound
The graph shows the relative rates of action of four
enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which two enzymes would
function in a region of the human body having a
neutral pH?
1.enzymes A and B
2.enzymes B and C
3.enzymes C and D
4.enzymes B and D
Base your answer on the graph and on your knowledge of biology. Which is a
true statement about the relationship between pH and enzyme action?
1.All enzymes work best at a neutral pH.
2.Adding more acid does not affect the rate of activity of an enzyme.
3.Enzymes function only in a pH range of 4.0 to 5.5.
4.The activity of an enzyme is affected by pH
Uni-cellular Organisms
• Organelles
carry out life
functions in
simple
organism
Unicellular vs Multi-celluar
Organelles
Organ Systems
• Vacuoles -Store and
digest foods
• Cytoplasm- Circulates
materials around the
• Cell membrane- lets
oxygen into the cell
• Digestive System
• Cell membrane- lets waste
out of the cell
• Excretory System
• Circulatory System
• Respiratory System
Multi-cellular Organisms
• These organisms
are complex
• Organ systems
carry out life
processes in
these organisms
Digestive System
• To break down
food into smaller
particles such as
glucose
• Glucose is small
enough to enter
the cell
Circulatory System
• Structures- includes
the heart, vessels
and blood
• Function- is to
transport or circulate
substances to and
from the cells
Respiratory System
• Function- to bring
about gas
exchange of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide between
blood, the air and
cells
Excretory System
• Function-To
remove waste
products
from the
body
Human Organ Systems
• They all have
the common
goal of
maintaining
homeostasis
Homeostasis
• Read pages 895- 896
and write an essay
explaining what
homeostasis is.
Explain how
feedback loops are
used in homeostasis.
Maintaining balance
The table below provides some information concerning
organelles and organs.
Based on this information, which statement accurately
compares organelles to organs?
1.Functions are carried out more efficiently by organs than by
organelles.
2.Organs maintain homeostasis while organelles do not.
3.Organelles carry out functions similar to those of organs.
4.Organelles function in multi-cellular organisms while organs
function in single-celled organisms
The life function of transport in an
organism directly involves those activities
used to
1.absorb and distribute materials
2.obtain and hydrolyze materials
3.release energy from food
4.produce cellular waste products
When most proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are
digested completely, they are converted to end
products that
1.are soluble and can easily pass through cell
membranes
2.contain long chains of amino acids and fatty
acids
3.contain atoms of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen
4.are a direct result of dehydration synthesis
Class Assignment
• Select one human organ system
• Draw a diagram of this system on
construction paper. Color each part.
• Label all the parts
• Write an essay explaining its function.
Choose a second organ system that
works together with this organ system in
the human body. Explain how they work
together in the body to maintain
homeostasis
Human Organ Systems
• Digestive
• Respiratory
• Circulatory
• Excretory
Cells
•The basic
unit of
life
Its all about the cells
• Human organ
systems interact
in order to keep
cells alive by
maintaining
internal balance
Interaction
• Interaction
is similar to
working
together as
in
teamwork
Team Work
• Once the
respiratory system
takes in oxygen,
what system takes
the oxygen to the
cells?
• Circulatory system