Download Science Rocks and Minerals

Rocks and Minerals Study Guide
Test Monday, September 9, 2013
Vocabulary to know:
1. Igneous Rocks: (ig neo us) a rock that was once melted rock but has
cooled and hardened.
2. Metamorphic Rocks: (meta mor phic) a rock that has been
changed by heat and pressure. It has undergone a big change, sort
of like metamorphosis with a caterpillar to a butterfly.
3. Sedimentary Rocks: (sed i men tary) a rock formed from material
that has settled into layers and has been squeezed until it hardens.
You often see the layers in this type of rock. Fossils are found in
these.
4. Rock: a naturally formed solid made of grains of one or more
minerals.
5. Mineral: (min er al) solid object found in nature that has never
been alive.
6. Fossil: the remains of a once living thing (organic) that help tell us
how life has changed over time.
7. Rock Cycle: the process of changing from one kind of rock to another kind of rock.
Facts to know:
~We can test rocks by using streak and scratch tests as well as examining them under a
microscope.
~Streak tests tell us what minerals are contained in a rock by the color of the streak.
~Scratch tests tell us the hardness of the rock.
~Diamonds are the hardest mineral.
~Rocks and minerals are used in many ways: buildings, jewelry, tools, paving,
salting your food and vitamins.
~What type of rock is formed when a volcano explodes? – igneous
~Know some properties of a mineral – hardness, streak, color
~The Mohs scale below tells the hardness of a mineral.
1
Talc
6
Orthoclase
feldspar
2
Gypsum
7
Quartz
3
Calcite
8
Topaz
4
Fluorite
9
Corundum
5
Apatite
10
Diamond