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Download Lesson 66 Pedigree Packet KEY 66 STT and
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Transcript
Name_________________________ Date______________ Period____________ ACTIVITY 66: PATTERNS IN PEDIGREES As you read p. 64 - 71, answer the “Stopping to Think” questions in the space below. Be sure to write complete sentences, and clearly convey your thoughts. Include additional GIST notes in the text boxes on the right. What is a Pedigree? 1.a. Because orange tail is not present in parents of generation 3, the gene for orange tail must be “recessed” by the blue gene, but passed on to offspring. It wouldn’t show up in Gen. 3 if the parents didn’t have the allele to pass on. b. Trait data shows in a family trees=pedigree. Used instead of breedings experiments on people, by looking at patterns, to learn how traits are inherited. Squares symbolize males, circles symbolize females c. Because the blue-tail appears the same for TT or Tt, and each parent can pass a T or a t, we don’t know the genpotype by looking at the pedigree. Learning from Data on Human Conditions 2. PKU is likely to be recessive since parents that do not have it, Produce offspring with it. The parents are “carriers” of the Recessive condition PKU (phenylketonuria) Traits can be caused by a single gene (Marfan’s syndrome) or by several genes and environments. Pedigrees help determine dominance or recessiveness of traits so predictions can be made. PKU: cannot break down protein 3. An induvidual can only inherit a recessive trait if both parents are carriers or if one is a carrier and one has the trait. The offsprings must receive 2 recessive alleles Are All Hereditary Conditions Recessive? 4.Dominant: Both Gen. 1 parents have it, but produce offspring With and without it. If polydactyly were recessive, it would be impossible for the youngest son in Gen. 2 to be different from the parents Polydactyly: extra fingers or toes The Genes for ABO Blood Groups 5. Incomplete dominance: nose length co-dominance: spikes Blood Type O A B AB Possible Allele Pairs O O A O or A A B O or B B A B 6. Co-dominant: A and B Recessive: O ANALYSIS (page 71 – 73) Incomplete dominance: a third trait appears to heterozygous individuals Co-dominance: both homozygous traits show up in the heterozygous individual Simple dominance: One trait appears whenever it’s allele is present, masking a recessive allele if heterozygous 1. a. 1 and 2 are definitely heterozygous, because they both passed the O allele to one offspring, and 7 because the “B” offspring have to have a B-O genotype b. 3, 4, 5, and 6 appear to be homozygous since all offspring get an A and a B. However, 3 and 4 only have 1 offspring which is not enough evidence to be conclusive. c. I can’t be certain that these not having the Type O allele, but I am more certain about 5 & 6 since they had so many AB offspring, and no other. 2. a. Jan’s condition is most likely dominant since her husband does not have it, but most of her children do. It does not skip a generation. b. She is most likely homozygous dominant. If she was heterozygous, the chance of her offspring having the recessive trait would be 50-50, but only one in six of them does. 3.a. This is most likely recessive. The second generation does not show the trait at all, but it reappears in the third generation. Offspring who differ from both parents likely exhibiting a recessive trait. b. Marcus is homozygous recessive. 4.a. Likely dominant, since it does not skip a generation. If it was recessive, that would mean partners of affected individuals are carriers which is improbable, since the condition is rare. b. Sophia is a heterozygous, since only one of her parents has the condition. 5.a. A carrier in genetics carries a recessive allele but does not have the trait (they are heterozygous). A disease carrier is infected with a disease-carrying micro, but does not have the disease. b. Genetic conditions are transmitted during/through reproduction. Infectious diseases are transmitted by a microbe from person to person.