Download Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Religions of Ancient India BLANKS

Chapter 9 Lesson 2 Religions of Ancient India
Name ________________________
A. Origins of Hinduism
1. Hinduism is one of the _________________ religions in the world, and it is the world’s
_______________ polytheistic religion.
2. Hinduism grew from the faith of the _________________.
3. Hinduism has ______ ___________ founder and _____ ___________ holy book.
a.) Hindus believe in one great _________________ called Brahman.
b.) Hindus believe that all living things and even the gods are ____________ of Brahman.
c.) Hindus believe that a person’s soul will eventually join Brahman.
4. However, before a person’s soul can join Brahman, Hindus believe a soul must live
__________ _____________—even some as an animal.
a.) The idea of living many lives in different forms, one after another, is called
____________________.
b.) According to Hinduism, if people do the duties of their jati, they will get a ____________
next life when they are reincarnated.
c.) They must follow dharma, or their _______________ ________________.
d.) If a person follows dharma, then they have good ______________.
5. Karma is the result of _______ a person lives and relates to the cause/effect nature of what
happens in life.
a.) If you live a good life and do your duty, you have good karma and eventually, you will
__________________ Brahman.
b.) If you have bad karma, you will be reborn into a ___________ jati or as an animal and
will remain in the cycle of reincarnation.
c.) This belief in dharma and karma means that people have to obey the rules of their jati
because that is where they have to stay until their next lifetime.
d.) Reincarnation is the belief in a cycle of life, death, and rebirth that is repeated by the soul
many times until the soul reaches the state of ______________ (internal bliss) and
unites with _____________________ (the universal soul).
e.) The goal of Hindu faith is to eventually merge with the Brahman after a series of
reincarnations. This is called ____________, or salvation, and can be obtained through
______________, ___________________, or _____________________.
B. Rise of Buddhism
1. _________________ Siddhartha Gautama was born about 563 B.C.
2. Siddhartha was wealthy, married, and had a son.
3. One day he left the palace and was shocked to see that most people were poor, and he
asked himself why people ________________________.
4. To search for answers, he left his family and lived alone.
a.) Legend says that Siddhartha _____________________ under a tree, until he finally
understood the meaning of life. This was called “_________________________.”
b.) Siddhartha spent the rest of his life teaching people about his discovery.
c.) People called him the _________________, which means “Enlightened One.”
5. Buddha’s lessons about life and suffering are called ___________________.
a.) The Buddha taught that everyone should __________ wanting fame, money, and
worldly things. Then they would reach ______________, or a feeling of perfect peace
and happiness.
b.) The Buddha said that the ____________ way to stop desiring things was to follow the
Eightfold Path—the Buddhist rules for right living.
i. Know and understand the Four Noble _________: suffering exists; suffering arises
from attachment to desires; suffering stops when desires stop; ______________
from suffering is possible by following the Eightfold Path.
ii. Give up worldly things and do not harm others.
iii. Tell the ___________, do not gossip, and do not speak badly of others.
iv. Do not commit evil acts, such as killing, stealing, or living an unclean life.
v. Do rewarding work.
vi. Work for good and __________________ evil.
vii. Make sure your mind keeps your senses under ________________.
viii. Practice _________________________ to see the world in a new way.
c.) The Buddha did _________ agree with the jati system.
d.) He taught that all people could reach nirvana. This made Buddhism very
_____________ among the lower jati and the Untouchables.
6. Buddha taught his ideas for more than _______ years and when he died, his disciples
could not agree about what his message really meant.
7. They split into two groups.
a.) One was Theravada Buddhism.
i. Theravada means “teachings of the wise men.”
ii. It says that the Buddha was a great teacher, but _________ a god.
iii. Theravada Buddhism spread south and east and became popular in Indochina.
b.) The other kind of Buddhism is Mahayana Buddhism.
i. It says that the Buddha ________ a god.
ii. Mahayana Buddhists also honor bodhisattvas, which are enlightened people who
choose ______ to go to heaven even though they could. Instead, they stay on Earth
to help ____________ reach nirvana.
8. Buddhism does not hold to a belief in a deity, so many believe that it is not a religion but a
__________________.
9. Buddhism places great emphasis on man’s ______________, his ability to ___________
properly, and his co-existence in harmony with the forces of _______________.
10. Buddhism is a religion that actively seeks to __________________ others.
11. In Tibet, Mahayana Buddhism mixed with Hinduism and Tibet’s own religions.
a.) Buddhist leaders called lamas led the government.
b.) Tibetans believed lamas were reincarnations of the Buddha.
12. Today, very few Buddhists live in India, as Buddhism was never widely accepted in India.
13. Buddhism is widely practiced in ______________ _________ and _______ _________.
C. Jainism
1. Another religion also came to India at this time called Jainism. The main teacher of Jainism
was named Mahavira.
2. Mahavira’s title was “the Jina,” or “the Conqueror” and his followers are called Jains.
3. Much of Jainism is like Buddhism.
4. _________ Jainism and Buddhism taught that people should stop wanting worldly things so
That they could stop the process of being reborn and reach ______________.
5. Jainism has one main teaching: ______________- which means you are to __________
harm any living creature, not even _____________ or ________________.
6. Centuries later, in the early 1900s, influenced by the idea of ahimsa, an Indian man named
Mohandas ___________________ led a non-violent movement to free his nation from the
rule of the British. Instead of using weapons, he and his followers used
__________________ ways of protesting to successfully gain India’s independence.