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ENERGY AND ECOLOGY UNIT 11 WHAT IS ECOLOGY? Ecology- the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments CAREERS IN ECOLOGY Ecologist-An ecologist finds ways to use resources efficiently and manage them responsibly, identifies ecological hazards and works to eliminate them and studies the environment in general. ABIOTIC VS. BIOTIC Biotic factorsall living things Abiotic factorsnonliving parts of the environment (i.e. temperature, soil, light, moisture, air currents) LEVELS OF NATURE DEFINITIONS Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Organism Organism – one organism POPULATION a group of organisms of one species living in the same place at the same time that interbreed .) Community – All living things interacting Ecosystem – living and non-living things interacting Biosphere - Earth LIMITING FACTORS any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms. Examples •Amount of water •Amount of food •Temperature •Amount of space •Availability of mates PREDATOR VS. PREY Predator eats prey. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Biogeochemical cycles: the movement (or cycling) of matter through a system carbon water oxygen nitrogen phosphorous sulfur ENERGY AND ECOLOGY UNIT 11 REVIEW: ABIOTIC VS. BIOTIC Abiotic Factors: Biotic Factors: Star those that are part of the Yellowstone community. FOOD CHAIN VS FOOD WEB Showing energy flow Always unidirectional (one direction) ENERGY PYRAMID 10% RULE Only 10% of energy gets passed from one organism to the next 90% is lost as heat FOOD CHAIN VS FOOD WEB FOOD WEB INQUIRY Key Words In your notebook: • Label the type of ecosystem Producers Draw out the food web Primary Consumer Label the producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, Secondary Consumer tertiary consumer (if necessary) Tertiary Consumer Draw an energy pyramid Herbivores Label the amount of energy at each level (follow the rule of 10%, assuming the sun is emitting 100,000 Joules of energy) Carnivores Omnivores PRODUCERS Autotrophic Carry out photosynthesis (covert light energy to chemical energy) Contain the most energy CONSUMERS Primary, secondary, tertiary Herbivores: Eat only plants Omnivores: Eat both animals and plants Carnivores: Eat only meat DECOMPOSERS Also called detrivores Take energy from things that die MAIN CONCEPT Energy flow is unidirectional (in one direction) Food web is made up of many food chains TODAY AND TOMORROW -Independent Project (16 points) -Show effort and inquiry in the process -Do your best ENERGY AND ECOLOGY UNIT 11 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES (MATTER CYCLES) Hydrological (water) Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Phosphorous Sulfur MATTER IS CYCLED THROUGH THE BIOSPHERE!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaDkph9yQBs