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Earth Science Notes Earth – 3rd planet from the sun, only planet known to support life Atmosphere – blanket of air that protects the Earth Layers of the atmosphere: - Troposphere closest to the Earth where living things are found - Stratosphere Where the ozone layer is found (ozone – absorbs the sun’s heat which can be harmful to living things) - Mesosphere Where meteoroids burn up (meteoroids – debris from outer space) - Thermosphere Layer where International Space Station orbits - Exosphere Layer where man-made satellites orbit (man-made satellite – take pictures and send information to scientists on Earth) solar system – made up of the Sun, eight planets, moons, asteroids and comets axis – an imaginary center line around which the Earth rotates rotation – one whole spin of an object on its axis *Earth rotates counterclockwise (Sunrises in the east and sets in the west) revolution (orbit) - one full orbit of an object around another object planetary year – how long it takes a planet to make one trip around the sun planetary day – how long it takes for a planet to spin one time on its axis sunrise – when our city begins to rotate towards the sun day – when our city is facing towards the sun sunset - when our city begins to rotate away from the sun night – when our city is located in the Earth’s shadow seasons – the change in weather due to the tilt of the Earth on its axis Earth’s Moon – - orbits the Earth every 30 days - what we see each night is a phase of the moon (different shapes) - you can see the moon because of the sun Moon Phases – Last Quarter satellite – an object in orbit around another object moon phase – an indication of the fraction of the Moon that is illuminated as seen from Earth crater – holes in the ground caused by meteor or asteroid that crashed into surface of moon or planet Terrestrial Planets – 4 planets closest to the sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth Mars), made up of rock Jovian Planets – 4 planets furthest from the sun (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), made up of gases Mercury – closest to the sun, planet with the shortest year, smallest planet, covered with craters Venus - second planet from the sun, covered with thick clouds, very rocky surface Earth – third planet from the sun, only planet with life, ¾ is covered with water, solid and rocky Mars – fourth from the sun, has seasons, Mar is red because of dust storms, nickname is ‘red planet’ Jupiter – fifth planet from the sun, largest planet, first of the Jovian planets Saturn – sixth from the sun, surrounded by rings made up of ice and rock, planet is slightly tilted Uranus - seventh from the sun, lies almost completely on its side when rotating Neptune – eighth planet from the sun, very cold, has violent storms star – a gigantic ball of very hot gasses that gives off light constellation – a group of stars that form a pattern galaxy – a huge system of stars, planets, dust and gas held together by gravity…we live in the galaxy called Milky Way Planet Order: Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune My Very Excellent Mother Just Sent Us Nachos