Download What makes a city function?

Welcome to session C2 Urban Flows:
-City interdependencies and infrastructure disruptions
Method
Objectives
• 4 presentation, each 10 min.
• Participants will learn about
interdependencies of urban infrastructure and
approaches to facilitate informed decision
making about infrastructure investment
• Active discussions 40 min.
• They will explore real case scenarios of
resilient infrastructure modeling and its
benefits
• They will be able to take this knowledge with
them to apply in their own cities and regions.
… how to maintain the functionality of cities –no matter what!
Copenhagen 2 July, 2011
• 150 mm of rain in three hours
• Critical systems at risk
• 90,000 damage reports
• EUR 900 million in insurance claims
• EUR 1,500 million in total costs
What is causing the costs?
The city stopped to function!
What makes a city function?
ENERGY
INFORMATION
GOODS
SERVICE
PEOPLE
MONEY
Many different actors
operate the Urban Flows
ELECTRICITY SUPPLIERS
GASOLINE COMPANIES
GAS SUPPLIERS
DISTRIBUTED HEATING
ENERGY
INTERNET SUPPLIERS
MEDIA
TELECOMMUNICATION
S
BIG-DATA SUPPLIERS
INFORMATION
LOGISTIC COMPANIES
WARE HOUSES
WHOLE SALES
HARBOURS
SCHOOL
DAY CARE
HOSPITALS
SEWAGE
WASTE
PUBLIC
TRANSPORT
PRIVATE CARS
TAXIS
AIRPORTS
ATM:S
CHECKOUTS
CREDIT CARDS
BANKS
SWISH
GOODS
SERVICE
PEOPLE
MONEY
+ inlagd text enligt anteckningsfältet nedan]
What are critical
interdependencies?
A VITAL FUNCTION OF THE CITY
THE HOSPITAL
WHAT IF DAYCARE
CANNOT OPEN?
PROPRIETARY
RESERVE POWER!
BUT WHAT ABOUT
HOSPITAL LOGISTICS?
HOW DO YOU
SECURE ACCESS TO NECESSARY
MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION?
ELECTRICITY
TO GAS STATIONS!
What can the Urban Flow model
be used for?
• Offers a method to find, describe
and understand how your city
functions
• Identify critical interdependencies
• Offers a concept for evaluation
and conclusions after a disruptive
event
• Method to ensure functionality and
resilience when planning new or
redeveloping urban districts
City of Malmö experience on
using the Urban Flow model
• Malmö was one of the key partners taking the initiative to develop the
Urban flow model to be able to understand and communicate how to make
a city more resilient.
• Several departments and public companies were involved in developing
and defining the analysis model for urban flows and its critical
dependencies
• Malmö has also used the model to launch a multi stakeholder conference
(50+ participants) to analyze consequences of the cloudburst August 2014
Varför
miljonprogrammet?
12 mars 2014 Moa Björnson
Innovation
Platform
South East
Common Value Creation
Scalable Innovation
Interesting Testbeds
Joint Innovation Capacity
Core Values
Clear Target Area New possibilities Shared Benefits
INNOVATIONSPLATTFORM
MILJONPROGRAMMET
Transformation of Million Homes
Program in the City of Malmö
• In need of renovation,
rebuilding and transformation
from metropolitan suburbs to
attractive modern city districts
• Multi stakeholder workshop to
understand and identify need
of new urban functions for a
resilient future
Go with the Flow!
What and How to!
www.functionalcities.com
Preorder:
[email protected]
Modelling the Economics of
Resilient Infrastructure
Erica Seville
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Research Programme
“Develop an understanding of the full economic
impacts of infrastructure failure”
Identify and explore:
1. Temporal and spatial shifts
2. Causal mechanisms through time
3. The effect of different mitigation and response options
$2.8M project over 4 years (currently ½ way through)
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Focus to Date
•
•
•
•
•
Single infrastructure outages
Dynamic economic model
Infrastructure interdependencies
Business behaviours
Large-scale disaster scenarios
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How is MERIT applied?
Outage maps
Impacted
Business
Results
Sector Output - Auckland
MERIT
200,000
150,000
NZ$2007m pa
Business Operability
100,000
50,000
0
8
Manufacturing
Services
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8.25
8.50
Time
Primary
8.75
9
Business Behaviour during Disruption
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Experienced disruption due to loss of water service
Experienced Disruption
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.4
Health Care
and Social
Assistance
0.3
Retail
0.5
0.2
0.1
0
hours
days
weeks
Duration infrastructure disruption
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months
Economic Vulnerability
Exploring Different Recovery
Trajectories
Economic
Activity
Possible
Recovery trajectories
Time
Disaster
occurs
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For more information…
[email protected]
How are other countries building the case for
greater investment in infrastructure resilience?
Towards a practical assessment methodology
and toolbox for transport systems
Sustainability vulnerability under climate change
CUSCCRR
Coalition of Urban Sustainability
& Climate Change Response
Research
Ken Doust
Adjunct Senior Lecturer, rCITI, UNSW
9th June 2015
Overview
• Sustainability risk under climate change
• An evidence based assessment methodology
• Benchmarking on existing or planned performance
• Assessing sustainability impacts of climate
change induced failures
• Building a profile of city sustainability risk
Sustainability Risk
Under Climate Change
• Climate event impacts:
– Flooding; inundation; visibility; high temperature;
storm impact;
• System Effect:
– route availability; extended travel times;
– reliability in travel time; interchange comfort;
– energy usage; durability of infrastructure
• Behaviour Change:
– Take a trip at all; which destination; mode choice;
changing residence location
An Evidence Based
Assessment Methodology
Sustainability Framework
Urban System
“Urban Form”
(density & spatial distribution)
.
“Transport”
“Government
Policy &
Freemarket”
(network & mode
characteristics)
“Urban Dynamics”
.........interactions between people, urban form and transport produces
commuter patterns with social , economic and environmental outcomes
Environmental Stewardship
(pillar 1)
Economic Efficiency (pillar 3)
Social Equity (pillar 2)
• Built off traditional transport Models
• Sustainability metrics traceable to the system
characteristics
• Visualisations in sustainability and geographic
space
Benchmarking On Existing
Or Planned Performance
Without climate change impact:
– Sustainability scan of existing transport system.
– Alternatively, sustainability scan of planned city
transport structure.
Assessing Sustainability Impacts Of
Climate Change Induced Failures
Sustainability scan
– with modified network characteristics e.g. disabled or
slowed network links.
– with change in demand behaviour.
Sustainability high risk maps
Where to from here?
City Case Studies
• Collaboration on strategic sustainability scan data
preparation & modelling
• Develop sustainability benchmark scans of transport
systems operating BAU
• Develop sustainability impact scans of failures in the
transport systems due to climate change
Enabling City Responses
• Develop typologies
• Mentor City level agencies
www.rciti.unsw.edu.au/sustainability-accessibility
Email: [email protected]
A question for delegates!
• Basic input data includes:
– Zone to zone Trips by car
– Spatial layout of the road network
• In your city, how available is the data
needed to run these strategic scans?
Time to discusse and benchlearn!
Do You focus on risks and
vulnerability or do you really
focus on the functionality of
your city, when under pressure?
How is Your city and country
building the case for greater
investment in infrastructure
resilience?
How available is the data
needed, in Your city, to run
these strategic scans?
(assesment)