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Name: _____________________
Homeform: _______
The Skeletal System
When investigating the musculoskeletal system, it is important to understand the
anatomical position. The anatomical position is with the body erect, with the arms at the
sides and the palms forward. The anatomical
position is of importance in anatomy because it is
the position of reference.
It is also important to understand how to refer to
part of the body using specific terminology.
Functions:
The adult human skeletal system consists of 206
bones, as well as a network of tendons, ligaments
and cartilage that connects them. The skeletal system performs many vital functions:
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
5. ________________________
6.
Types of Bones:
There are 4 main types of bones in the body. Give
examples of where these bones can be found:
Long:_________________________
Short: ________________________
Irregular: _____________________
Flat: __________________________
Define the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
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The Human Skeleton
Vertebrae:
The human vertebral column is the vertebral column (backbone or spine) of the human
skeleton, consisting of articulating vertebrae and 9 fused vertebrae in the sacrum and
the coccyx. The vertebrae in the column are separated from each other by intervertebral
discs. It houses and protects the spinal cord in its spinal canal.
Vertebrae Region
Cervical
No. of Vertebrae
Abbreviation
12
L
Joints:
A joint or articulation (or articular surface) is the location at which bones connect. They are
constructed to allow movement (except for skull, sacral, sternal, and pelvic bones) and
provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally. There are 3
different types of joints.
1. Immoveable or fibrous joint – where two bones are joined by connective tissue, there is
no joint cavity (space between the bones filled with synovial fluid), and there is little or
no movement. For example the bones of the pelvic girdle.
2. Slightly moveable or cartilaginous joint – the bones are connected by a ligament and
cartilage, there is no joint cavity, and there is only limited movement. For example bones
of the vertebrae.
3. Freely moveable or synovial joints – there is a gap between the joints (joint cavity)
containing synovial fluid. There is far greater movement between bones connected by
synovial joints. The extent of the movement varies due to
the shape of the bones, and the ligaments and tendons that
surround the joint. An example is the knee joint.
Synovial Joints:
***Draw a line to match the type of joint to the correct definition. Then draw a line
linking the definition to the correct example.
Type of Joint
Ball & Socket
Pivot
Hinge
Saddle
Gliding
Condlyoid
Definition
Example
Allows movement in one
direction only
Movement is biaxial because
the movement is restricted
to two axis with rotation
restricted
Movement is restricted to
rotation around a single axis
Two flat surfaces in which
some movement, including
slight rotation, is possible
These are biaxial joints. One
bone surface is concave the
other convex
Where one bone has a ball
end, which fits into a socket
of adjacent bone. Allows a
wide amount of movement
in almost every direction
Elbow
Hip
Base of Thumb
Wrist
Vertebrae
Radius & Ulna
Define the following connective tissues:
Tendon: ___________________________________________________________________
Ligament: __________________________________________________________________
Cartilage: ___________________________________________________________________
Fascia: _____________________________________________________________________
The Muscular System
The Muscular System is responsible for the movement of the human body. Attached to the
bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles that make up roughly half of a
person’s body weight. Each of these muscles is a discrete organ constructed of skeletal
muscle tissue, blood vessels, tendons, and nerves.
The 3 Types of Muscle
Type of Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Appearance
Voluntary or
Involuntary
Function
Skeletal Muscle Fibres:
Type 1 (Slow Twitch):
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Type 2 (Fast Twitch):
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