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Schematic of cardiac morphogenesis. Oblique views of whole embryo and frontal views of cardiac precursors during human cardiac development are
shown. Day 15: First heart field cells form a crescent shape in the anterior embryo with second heart field cells medial to the first heart field. Day 21:
Second heart field cells lie dorsal to the straight heart tube and begin to migrate (arrows) into the anterior and posterior ends of the tube to form the right
ventricle, conotruncus, and part of the atria. Day 28: After rightward looping of the heart tube, each cardiac chamber balloons out from the outer curvature
of the looped heart tube. Cardiac neural crest cells also migrate (arrow) into the outflow tract from the neural folds to septate the outflow tract and pattern
the bilaterally symmetric aortic arch arteries (III, IV, and VI) of the aortic sac. Day 50: Remodeling, alignment, and septation of the ventricles, atria, and
Source: Chapter 1. Molecular and Morphogenetic Cardiac Embryology: Implications for Congenital Heart Disease, Neonatal Cardiology, 2e
atrioventricular valves, and alignment and rotation of the conotruncus, result in the four-chambered heart. Mesenchymal cells form the cardiac valves from
Citation:
M, Mahony
L, Teitel
DF. Neonatal
Cardiology,
2e; 2011
Available
http://mhmedical.com/
Accessed:
Mayductus
11, 2017
the conotruncal
and Artman
atrioventricular
valve
segments.
Remodeling
of the aortic
arch
arteriesat:
results
in the mature aortic
arch and
arteriosus.
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2017
McGraw-Hill
Education.
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reserved
Corresponding days of human embryonic development are indicated. Abbreviations: A, atria; Ao, aortic arch; AS, aortic sac; AVV, atrioventricular valve;
CNC, cardiac neural crest; CT, conotruncus; DA, ductus arteriosus; FHF, first heart field; LA, left atrium; LCA, left carotid artery; LSCA, left subclavian
artery; LV, left ventricle; PA, pulmonary artery; RA, right atrium; RCA, right carotid artery; RSCA, right subclavian artery; RV, right ventricle; SHF, second