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Adolph Hitler Notes—Chapter 30-4
Gremany hated the Versailles Treaty
1. Had to pay reparations of $30 Billion
2. Lost land
3. Limited the size of military
Blamed Jews for Treaty
Germany had huge debts and was destroyed (Factories, farmland, homes)
Huge Inflation hit
Government printed huge amounts of money, which backfired
An item that cost 100 marks in 1922 cost 944,000 marks in 1923
People lost their entire savings
*The US tried to help and did, until Great Depression.
Adolph Hitler—born in Austria in 1889
Turned down from Art School
Moved to Germany and fought in German army in WWI
After war he joined National Socialists Party (Nazi)
1923—Beer Hall Putsch—Jumped on a table and said, “The Nazi Revolution has
begun!”—but it failed
Thrown in Jail
Wrote Mein Kampf in jail—Means My Struggle
*Nationalism
*Anit-Semitism
*Said that Germans were master race
*Argued for Imperialism
Was in prison less than a year
Nazi membership grew and he promised to end reparations, create jobs, and rearm
Germany
He was selected as Chancellor in 1933.
Called his rule the Third Reich—Holy Roman Empire and Bismarck
Totalitarian State
Disbanded other parties
Executed disloyal
Controlled religion, education, government
Secret police were Gestapo
Also had the Brown Shirts
Propaganda—denounced modern art (Jewish), jazz (black), novels
Closed churches (thought christianity was weak)
Burned books
Hitler Youth—hikes and camps, physical fitness, brainwashed
Women make babies—taken out of high level jobs
Quote on page 764
Repudiated Versailles Treaty
Huge Public Works Program—built roads, housing, forests
Rearmed Germany
Ended Unemployment
Graph on Page 767
This is why Germans tolerated him
Anti-Semitism—prejudice vs. Jews
Jews had to register
Wear yellow star of David
Were beaten, killed, jailed.
No repercussions
Had to live in Ghetto—walled off parts of cities
Nuremburg Laws—can’t marry nonjews, can’t go to German schools, holding govt.
jobs, practicing law or medicine, publishing books.
Many Jews Fled—those who could afford it
Kristallnacht—Night of Broken Glass November 9, 10 of 1938
*A Jewish man whose parents were being mistreated, shot and wounded a German
diplomat in Paris
Smashed windows, looted, burned synagogues, beaten _Quote on 765
Jews had to pay for damage
Chapter 31 Section 1
Japan attacked Manchuria in 1931 and took most of Eastern China
Italy took Ethiopia in 1935—unfair—tanks and machine guns vs rifles and rocks
Hitler went against Versailles Treaty but nobody messed with him
Appeasement—giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace
Axis—Germany, Italy, Japan
Hitler attacked Guernica Spain (to help Franco) in 1937 to try out Blitzkrieg
It was a Market—bombed and then machine gunned 1600 innocent people
Germany Annexed Austria
Then annexed Czechoslovakia when the other countries Appeased him
Nazi Soviet Pact—nonaggression between Germany and Soviet Union
Divide up Poland
Both attacked Poland in 1939
Europe found its guts and declared war.
Chapter 31 Section 2
1939
Nazis used Blitzkrieg—lightning war
1st Bombers
2nd Fast moving tanks
3rd Troops
Germany and Soviet Union took Poland quick and divided it—Soviets also took Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania
Germany then took Norway and Denmark
Then Netherlands and Belgium
IN FRANCE
1940—Miracle of Dunkirk
German forces rushed France and British soldiers retreated (in France) to Dunkirk and
were stuck at English Channel
British sent all vessels, naval, merchant, fishing, and pleasure to save 300,000 troops.
Hitler waited too long to kill the troops
France surrendered on June 22, 1940
AXIS
Took North Africa, Greece, Yugoslavia
Then Bulgaria and Hungary joined Axis
Map on 785 of Axis Lands
Battle of Britain
Britain was last left in Western Europe
Winston Churchill was Prime Minister
Quote on 776
Operation Sea Lion—Germany’s plan to attack England
London Blitz—57 nights of bombing---destroyed much of city, killed 15,000
People moved to subways (pic on 777)
Kept lights off
England would not quit
Operation Barbarossa
Attack on Soviet Union
*Wanted it for Resources
*Hated Communism
*Went against Nazi Soviet Pact
Stalin’s purges had hurt leadership
Russia lost 2.5 million men quick
Used Retreat and Destroy tactic again (like vs Napoleon)
Winter cam and 1000s of Germans froze to death
Leningrad—1941
Sieged and people had 2 pieces of bread per day
Ate wallpaper because they said it contained potato flour
Boiled briefcases and called them jellied meat
1 million died
United States
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941—December 7
We wouldn’t sell Japan war material because we didn’t like their aggression
19 ships, killed 2400 people
We declared war the next day
Japan took a bunch of US islands in the Pacific
Holocaust Notes
Nazis hated many people
Communists
Christians
Jews
Gypsies
People of color
Mentally ill
Collaborators—people who helped the Nazis hoping for better treatment—some were
Jews (Movie with the Gold Star still helping Nazis).
They occupied the land, plundered it, stole artwork, etc (Youtube on Nazi Artwork—The
Simpsons?)
Genocide—Deliberate murder of an entire race of people.
First—Ghettos
Then—Concentration Camps
Then—Final Solution—Genocide
Death Camps in Poland—Auschwitz, etc. Jews from all over were shipped there.
Death Camps
From Ghettos—only leave for work, lost homes
Train Ride—had to leave everything, cramped, no food/water, poop and pee, death
Camp—shaved (hair for parachutes), valuables taken (gold teeth), men/women separated.
Old and young sent to showers to be gassed
Babies given to old people so moms didn’t die, too.
Mentally ill killed
Anyone who rebelled was killed and several more with them.
Political prisoners here too—POWs
Guards took target practice—shooting at an ear or finger
Women were abused
Sick and couldn’t work—sent to be gassed/killed
People burned in the incinerators to get rid of evidence.
No food.
Death marches as Allies approached
6 million died
Josef Mengele—injected dye in eyes, sewed twins together, motor oil injections, some
advancements because they were performing on people not animals.
Section 3 and 4 Chapter 31
Japan was expanding across Asia and the Pacific. There was a great brutality. They
killed and tortured people a lot. They seized crops, destroyed cities, and made local
people slaves.
Allies
Big Three—Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
Total War—Countries rationed goods (shoes, sugar, gas, etc), censored press, used
propaganda, made factories turn out war goods.
Allies went into Africa first to get launching points into Europe.
El Alamein in Egypt was a turning point.
From there they went across Mediterranean into Italy.
Italians overthrew Mussolini, who was rescued by Hitler.
This weakened Germany because they had to fight on another front.
Soviet Union
Soviet Union stalled Germany
Battle of Stalingrad—Germany circled city, Russians encircled them. Battles were
building to building and Germany surrendered. 300,000 Germans captured/killed.
Soviets then pushed Germany out and pushed into Europe.
June 6, 1944—D Day—Invasion of France.
Allied bombers pounded Germany beforehand.
Midnight—Allies dropped paratroopers behind enemy lines.
Thousands of ships came across English Channel
176,000 troops
Underwater mines and machine guns
Allies pushed through.
France was eventually freed.
Section 4 and 5
1942 When MacArthur was forced out of Philippines he said, “I shall return.”
Japan won a lot at start
Bataan Death March—10,000 Filipinos and several hundred Americans died on 68 mile
walk.
Island Hopping—US started to take back islands and hop from island to island beating
Japanese
Europe
Germany had lost almost everything and went back to Germany.
1944 Battle of the Bulge—tried to break through Allied lines, who bent but didn’t break.
Assassins were trying to get Hitler, who wore bullet proof hat, vest, and had bullet proof
car. Surrounded himself with tall people.
Allies pounded defenseless Germany will bombs, destroying it.
Hitler committed suicide in a bunker.
Mussolini was captured and executed.
Germany surrendered on May 7, 1945.
Pictures of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Google
Clip of Flags of our Fathers on Youtube
After Germany and Italy lost Allies turned to Japan and destroyed their navy and air
force.
Kamikaze—pilots who took on suicide missions—dive bomb their planes on our
warships.
At Iwo Jima and Okinawa they showed that they would fight to the death rather than
surrender.
Truman had taken over for Roosevelt, who had died.
It was estimated that an invasion of Japan would cost 1 million American soldiers.
We warned Japan to quit or we would destroy them, they ignored it.
Hiroshima—August 6, 1945
Bomb flattened 4 square miles and instantly killed 70,000 people. Many more would die
of radiation later.
We warned them again, they ignore it.
Nagasaki—August 9, 1945
40,000 people instantly died.
Militarists didn’t want to surrender but the Emperor stepped in and quit.
Should we have dropped the bomb?
Effects of World War II
1. 75 million dead (22 million in the Soviet Union)
2. Holocaust
3. War Crimes trials (Nuremburg)
4. United Nations
5. Cold War between US and Soviet Union (Iron curtain in Europe)
6. Arms Race
Truman Doctrine—US would try to stop communism
Containment—limiting communism to where it already existed.
Germany—Cut in half
West was Democratic
East was Communist
Except for the city of Berlin, which was in the East and also was divided.
Soviets blockaded the railroads so nothing could get in to West Berlin
Berlin airlift supplied food and supplies for a year and Soviets stopped blockade.
Warsaw Pact—Alliance of Communist countries after World War II
NATO—Alliance of NonCommunist countries after WWII.