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What is the Life Cycle of a Plant? Lesson 4 New Plants New plants form from: Seeds Spores Other plant parts (stems, leaves, or roots) Plants from Plant Parts Not all plants grow from seeds or spores Tulips do not start with seeds; they have a bulb A bulb is a type of underground stem A farmer can take branches from a strong apple tree and join them to the branches of an apple tree that has strong roots. This is called grafting Parts of a Seed Seed Coat– protects seed Cotyledon—stored food • Embryo (baby plant)—beginning leaves, stem and root Embryo —baby plant Seeds • Seeds are formed in the center part of the flower or in the fruit. Fruits come from flowers. • Seeds come in many shapes and sizes. • Plants grow from seeds. If a seed receives water and gets warm, the baby plant (embryo) inside it starts to grow. •The process of a baby plant beginning to grow is called germination. We say the seed germinates or sprouts. •The first part of the plant we see pushing its way out of the seed coat is the root. Bean Seed: Dicot Corn Seed: Monocot Here we see pictures of a bean seed and a corn seed germinating (sprouting) and growing into plants with roots, stems and leaves. Dicot Monocot Has 1 cotyledons (food storage) Example: Corn Seed Has 2 cotyledons (food storage) Example: Bean Seed The flowers make seeds. The seeds are scattered— ready to grow. The seed absorbs water. The root pushes through the seed coat. Life Cycle of a Bean Plant The stem and its leaves grow toward the sunlight. The leaves make food for the plant. The seedling (new plant) grows out of the ground. Life Cycle of A Seed How Seeds Travel Animal Helpers: Stick to animal fur (some seeds are shaped like a hook) Animals eat fruit (which has seeds). Seeds Some animals gather and bury seeds (squirrels) Some seeds stay dormant: in a state of rest. Blow in the Wind: can end up on the ground from the animal droppings Example: Dandelions (“wish flowers”) Water Traveler: Coconuts are a type of seed that can float on water Starting with the seed (number 1). Number and cut into the correct order 1. Roles of Roots The Roles of Roots Roots: Anchor the plant firmly into the ground Because most roots are underground, they can absorb, or take in, water and mineral nutrients from the soil around them Root cells do not contain chlorophyll ( this is why they are not green). However, some roots do store food Types of Roots Fibrous Roots Fibrous roots are roots that grow in many different directions Most grasses and trees have fibrous roots Plants that grow in hot, dry areas also have fibrous roots Taproots Taproots grow straight down. It looks like the root has hairs Carrots, turnups, and dandelions have a taproot system