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Biology 200A:
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Instructor:
Khalil Khollesi
Lecture:
Office Hrs:
Room:
Phone:
email:
MWF 11-11:50
MW, 11:50 – 12:40 PM
BS 120
(323) 343-2050
[email protected]
Course Description
• A two-quarter course, with required lab section
• Designed for non-science majors (not for pre-med
students)
• This quarter: anatomical terminology, structure &
function of cells & tissues, basic biochemical &
metabolic pathways, and the integumentary, skeletal,
muscular, digestive, and urinary systems.
• Required textbook: Anatomy and Physiology, fifth
edition, R. Seeley, T.D. Stephens and P. Tate
• Grading on curve with plus/minus system
Course Objectives
The objectives of the course are:
• to gain a detailed knowledge of the structure and
function of the human body;
• to appreciate the relationships between structure and
function; and
• to understand how various cells, tissues, organs and
organ systems work together to maintain body
function.
Lectures for Download and Printing
• There is a web page available for the course containing the
Powerpoint lecture slides. A short and long version of the
lectures are posted with the short version containing only
text.
• You can find the Bio 200A Home Page at:
http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/kkholle
• Access the WWW through the Netscape software program
available on computers throughout campus.
• To obtain an NIS computer access account, go to the
Academic Technology Support Office, King Hall D149
Grading
• You will receive a single grade, combining scores in
lecture and lab portions of the course.
• Point distribution is as follows:
• Two written midterm exams:
160 pts total
• One written final exam:
140 pts
• Three (of four) lab quizzes
75 pts total
• Written lab report
25 pts
• Two lab practical exams
200 pts total
• Lecture quizzes
30 pts
Total points……………..…….….…630
• Missed exams must have a valid written excuse. No
makeup exams! You must take the final to receive a
grade in the course.
• Grading is based on the class curve, EXCEPT THAT
YOU MUST have at least 315 points to pass the
course.
Lecture Quizzes
• Come to lecture. Bring paper, pencil/pen, ID.
• Take a graded “minute quiz”
• Earn up to 2 points per lecture quiz (most lectures)
Enrollment
• Enrollment is handled in lab sections only.
• You must be enrolled in a lab to enroll in the course.
• You must attend and take exams in the lab you are enrolled
in!
• Open Enrollment students: enroll after second week of the
quarter, if space permits.
What are characteristics of living things?
• Growth: an increase in size through increase in
the number or size of their cells
• Reproduction: the ability to produce offspring
• Movement: either internal or through the
environment
• Responsiveness: the ability to sense changes in
the environment and react accordingly
• Metabolism: the construction or break-down of
substances involved in energy production
Anatomy: The Study of Structure
• Microscopic Anatomy
(histology and cytology):
The study of tissues and
cells.
• Gross Anatomy: The study of
structures visible to the
unaided eye.
• Approach: Systemic vs.
Regional
Systemic: by system
Regional: by area
Levels of Organization
Subcellular: Molecular (atoms, molecules), organelles
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
System/Organism
Physiology: The Study of Function
- Nervous System
- Muscular System
- Skeletal System
- Respiratory System
- Cardiovascular System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Immune, digestive, and
reproductive systems
Basic Concepts in Physiology
Homeostasis: The maintenance of constant environment
in the body (temperature, chemical composition).
The loss of homeostasis leads to disease and/or death!
Feedback Mechanisms: Maintain homeostasis through
detection of environmental conditions and appropriate
adjustments.
Anatomy: The Basic Body Plan
• The body is a three
dimensional, bilaterally
symmetrical object.
• The body is organized as
a trunk with hollow tube
inside (GI tract), and
attached appendages
(arms, legs, head).
Anatomical Position
Anatomical terms are used
in reference to the body in
anatomical position:
- Body is erect, with feet
together
- Head and toes are pointed
forward.
-Arms are at side, with
palms forward.
Directional Terms
-superior vs. inferior
(Cephalic vs. caudal)
-anterior vs. posterior
(ventral vs. dorsal)
-medial vs. lateral
-proximal vs. distal
-superficial vs. deep
Terminology of three dimensional planes
- sagittal sections: separate
left from right
- frontal/coronal sections:
separate anterior from
posterior
- transverse/horizontal
sections: separate
superior from inferior
Regions of the Body
Appendicular Regions:
arm, forearm, wrist,
hand, thigh, leg,
ankle, foot
Axial Regions: head,
neck, thorax,
abdomen, pelvis
Terminology of Body Cavities
Dorsal Cavity:
Brain, spinal cord
Ventral Cavity:
- thoracic
- pleural cavities (lungs)
- pericardial (heart)
- abdomino-pelvic
- abdominal (GI tract)
- pelvic (reproductive
organs)
MINUTE QUIZ!
• The stomach is located in the
a) thoracic cavity
b) dorsal cavity
Correct!
c) abdominal cavity
d) pelvic cavity
Terminology of Linings of Ventral Cavity
• The thoracic and abdominal cavities and their contents are
lined with thin serous membranes, which secrete fluid for
lubrication.
• The serous membranes covering the walls of the cavities
are called parietal serous membranes.
• Serous membranes covering the organs are called visceral
serous membranes.
Terminology of Linings of Ventral Cavity
• The serous lining of the pleural cavity is called the
pleural membrane, or pleura.
• The serous lining of the pericardial cavity is called the
pericardial membrane, or pericardium.
• The serous lining of the abdominal cavity is called the
peritoneal membrane, or peritoneum.
Remember that for each of these, there is a parietal part and
a visceral part.
Next Lecture.....
The Cell: Structure, Function and Replication