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Functional Groups A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions. In other words, a substituent group other than an alkyl group. Most organic chemistry is functionalgroup chemistry. We will do one functional group. Alcohols The functional group hydroxyl (OH) is responsible for the class of organic compounds known as alcohols C-C-C-OH The OH group is not a hydroxide group because it is covalently bonded. It is not a polyatomic ion in this case Naming alcohols The ending changes to -ol. Example - C-C-C-OH - 1-propanol If more than one alcohol group the prefix is placed in front of the ending. Example - OH-C-C-OH - 1,2-ethandiol The general name for alcohols with 2 or more OH groups is glycol. Example - 1,2-ethandiol is aka ethylene glycol - aka - anti-freeze - know this. 2-methyl-1-butanol 1-butanol 2-propanol d. 2-butanol e. 2-methyl-2-propanol Naming alcohols Alcohols attached to benzene are known as phenols. Just be able to recognize a phenol OH more on alcohols Alcohols are similar to water in that they are polar. Up to 4 carbons alcohols are very soluble. After that the nonpolar part of the molecule has a greater effect. Rubbing alcohol - know the general name and iupac name. more on alcohols The alcohol in alcoholic beverages is ethanol. Know its iupac and common name and structure. Denatured alcohol - used in industry ethanol that has had a poison added to it methanol is usually the poison - C-OH 10 ml will blind you 30 ml will kill you polymerization Polymer - large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of repeating smaller molecules. Monomer - the molecule that combines to form repeating units Unsaturated monomers react to form a polymer polymerization example monomer polymer polyethylene -referigerator dishes, plastic milk bottles, lab bottles,etc. Other common polymers - polyester, nylon PVC Replace one H with a Cl and you have PVC Polyvinyl Chloride monomer H H C=C H Cl polymer HHHH C-C-C-C-C-C Cl H Cl H QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture.
