* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ancient Rome
Constitutional reforms of Sulla wikipedia , lookup
Alpine regiments of the Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Cursus honorum wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Roman architecture wikipedia , lookup
Military of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Travel in Classical antiquity wikipedia , lookup
Slovakia in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Food and dining in the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman army of the late Republic wikipedia , lookup
Roman Republican governors of Gaul wikipedia , lookup
Constitutional reforms of Augustus wikipedia , lookup
Roman historiography wikipedia , lookup
Romanization of Hispania wikipedia , lookup
Demography of the Roman Empire wikipedia , lookup
Roman funerary practices wikipedia , lookup
Switzerland in the Roman era wikipedia , lookup
Early Roman army wikipedia , lookup
Education in ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Culture of ancient Rome wikipedia , lookup
Roman technology wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Rome Rome Similarities to other ancient civilizations? What made it unique? Pros and cons of republic vs. empire? Where do we see traces of it in modern West? Archaic Rome The Origins of Rome In Latium Tiber River Foundation myth: Romulus and Remus Archaic Rome She-wolf (ca. 500 BC), Capitoline Museum, Rome Archaic Rome The Kings (ca. 625-509 BC) Original rulers of Rome (supposedly 7) Wielded imperium Advised by Senate Archaic Rome The Roman Family PATERFAMILIAS Women subject to male authority Lots of children eneded! Archaic Rome Questions? The Roman Republic The Roman Republic (ca. 500-27 BC) Established after overthrow of kings REPUBLIC (res publica) Goal: limit arbitrary authority of one person Government authority to be shared equally among Roman aristocrats The Roman Republic Republican Government The Senate CONSULS The Senate DICTATOR The Roman Republic Roman Expansion Formidable army (“iron legions”) By 133 BC Italy and Greek East conquered Built roads Established colonies The Roman Republic Greek Impact on Roman Culture Expansion exposure to Greek civilization Romans and Greece Enamored with Greek culture Greek tutors! Greek and Italian synthesis Greco-Roman culture The Roman Republic Cicero (106-43 BC) Lawyer, politician Studied oratory, philosophy in Greek East Latin conduit of Greek thought Famous for his orations The Roman Republic The Punic Wars (264-146 BC) Mediterranean powers: Rome, Carthage Carthaginian Empire was great naval power Roman and Carthaginian animosity three wars End result: destruction of Carthage The Roman Republic First Punic War (264-241 BC) Over Sicily Rome built a fleet Roman victory Outcome Carthage no longer maritime superpower Rome gained Sicily, more later The Roman Republic Corvus The Roman Republic Second Punic War (218-201 BC) Due to Carthage’s expansion in Spain HANNIBAL invaded Italy via Alps Rome conquered Spain, won in Africa Outcome: Carthage lost empire outside Africa The Roman Republic Questions? The Roman Republic Crisis in the Republic 100+ years of warfare Disregard for republican ideals Slave War in Italy (73-71 BC) 70,000 + slaves revolted, led by SPARTACUS Ultimately crushed 6,000 slaves crucified The Roman Republic Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) Roman general, politician Growing power threat to Senate, politicians Caesar invaded Italy (50 BC), gained control Hunted enemies down in Greece, Africa The Roman Republic The Fall of Caesar Returned to Rome in triumph more power! Senate granted Caesar title “dictator for life” (Feb., 44 BC) Assassinated by 60 senators (March 15, 44 BC) The Roman Republic The Collapse of the Republic Civil War: Caesarians vs. “Liberators” Leading Caesarians: Mark Antony and Octavian Defeated “Liberators” at Philippi (42 BC) Civil War: Antony vs. Octavian Octavian controlled Latin West; Antony, Greek East Turned on each other, suspicious of each other The Roman Republic Cleopatra VII (r. 51-30 BC) Hellenistic pharaoh Wore “two faces” Encounters with Romans Met Julius Caesar lovers She and Antony lovers, allies The Roman Republic The Roman Republic Civil War: Antony and Cleopatra vs. Octavian Octavian victorious at Battle of Actium, Greece (September, 31 BC) Antony, Cleopatra committed suicide Octavian now master of Roman world Battle of Actium The Roman Republic Questions? The Roman Empire Augustus Caesar (r. 29 BC – AD 14) Called “Augustus” Task: tactfully rebuild Rome First Roman emperor Ruled as constitutional monarch Rome Augustan Reforms Centralized government, provincial focus Crusade against “immorality” Sought to revive religion The Roman Empire Remains of Temple of Julius Caesar, Roman Forum The Roman Empire The Pax Romana and Culture PAX ROMANA “Golden Age” of Latin Literature Augustus was a patron of the arts Virgil’s AENEID Ovid’s Art of Love banishment! The Roman Empire Pont du Gard (1st cent. AD), Nîmes, France The Roman Empire Garden Room, Villa Livia (Late 1st cent. BC) The Roman Empire Augustus of Primaporta (ca. 20 BC) The Roman Empire The Roman Empire Augustus Caesar “I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble!” No heirs Rule stepson Tiberius The Roman Empire The Roman Empire Colosseum (AD 80) Amphitheater 50,000+ spectators Mock naval battles! Main entertainment: gladiators The Roman Empire The Roman Empire 1989-1996 The Roman Empire The Roman Empire The Second Century Roman Empire at its zenith Constant frontier warfare “Good emperors” The Roman Empire The Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180) “Enlightened” Devoted to Stoic philosophy, wrote about it in Meditations Peaceful, but had to continue military conflicts The Roman Empire Third-Century Anarchy (235-285) Assassinations, civil wars many emperors Continued frontier war empire stretched too thin Other disasters Capture of Valerian (r. 253-260) by Persians The Roman Empire Diocletian (r. 284-305) Ended crisis Reforms: tetrarchy, increased size of military Emperor now absolute monarch, lord The Roman Empire Questions? Rome Similarities to other ancient civilizations? What made it unique? Pros and cons of republic vs. empire? Where do we see traces of it in modern West?