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Transcript
THE RENAISSANCE: THE REBIRTH OF EUROPE THE RENAISSANCE From 1350 – 1600, Western Europe experienced a profound cultural awakening. This awakening, known as the ‘____________,’ is seen by historians as the beginning of ______________. The Renaissance – the cultural reawakening of Western Europe – began in _______. Italy had escaped the economic crisis of feudalism and had gained great wealth through ___________________. Furthermore, the Italian cities were in close contact with the _____________, where scholars had preserved the classical learning of Greece and Rome. The most important Italian Renaissance cities were _____________________________. HUMANISM Italian scholars in these cities developed a strong interest in the classical writings of ancient Greece and Rome. This interest led to a new intellectual movement called _______________. Humanists held a deep admiration for ___________________________________ Humanists demonstrated their admiration for the classical culture by improving their understanding of Greek and Latin, studying old manuscripts, and trying to copy the classical writing style. In their admiration of classical Greece and Rome, humanists adopted many classical cultural beliefs They rejected the medieval beliefs that people should ________________________________ and that individuals could ______________________________. Instead, humanists adopted many of the Greek and Roman beliefs such as ____________________ and seeking ______________________ because they found these classical ideas very appealing. They accepted the Greco-Roman belief that each individual has ___________________. Humanists also accepted the classical concept that the ideal person was one that should ____________ ____________________ such as politics, sports, art, literature, and music. (Called ‘_______________’) HUMANISM AND THE ARTS Humanism had a huge impact on the arts in the Italian Renaissance Because humanism emphasized individual talent, ____________were inspired to express their own values, emotions, and attitudes in their work. Artists and writers wanted their work to reflect ________ or make their subjects ______________ _____________. Although much of the art was still devoted to ___________subjects, it had a more _________, or worldly, overtone. Popular subjects also included the __________________________. Paintings during medieval times were _______________________________. But during the Renaissance, artists used new techniques that made their paintings more lifelike. Artists studied anatomy to portray people _____________________. Their subjects showed gestures and had expressions of emotion. Artists also employed the techniques of lighting and perspective in their paintings to give depth to figures and to separate them from the background. Like medieval paintings, medieval sculpture was_________________, and usually ____________in nature However, during the Renaissance, sculpture returned to the ideals of ___________________________ They were huge, freestanding statues of nude figures, sculpted in bronze or marble. MASTERS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE __________________ is one of the most important writers of the Renaissance. His most widely read work was his book, _______________ Machiavelli was a politician and an avid studier of history and politics In his book, Machiavelli analyzed politics in Italy to study how successful ____________________. He found that many would lie, cheat, steal, kill, use force, or any other necessary The Prince can best be described in the line “___________________________.” Leonardo da Vinci was a great artist during the Renaissance. But he was also considered a ‘Renaissance Man’ because he excelled in so many fields. He was a __________, he wrote books on _________,_________, and ___________. He illustrated many of his inventions such as _________________, and military weapons long before they would actually be developed. Da' Vinci was also one of the greatest Renaissance artists. He skillfully portrayed his subjects' personalities, thoughts, and feelings. These characteristics are seen in some of his best works such as the ___________ and ____________________________. The greatest sculptor of the Italian Renaissance was ___________________. His sculptures were gigantic. They exhibited controlled intense emotions and muscular bodies which indicated power and vitality. Yet, Michelangelo was another example of a Renaissance man since he achieved in other fields also. He was a _______, an _________, and a__________ as well. For example, he was commissioned by Pope Julius II to paint the ceiling of the _____________________________________________. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THE RENAISSANCE: What is the ‘Renaissance?’ Where did the Renaissance begin, and why did it begin there? HUMANISM What is ‘humanism?’ What are the basics of humanist philosophy, and how did it impact society and the arts during the era of the Renaissance? MASTERS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE Who were some of the greatest masters of the Italian Renaissance, and what are some of their greatest works?