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Experiment # 07 Operational Amplifier Circuit I Software Simulations Object: The objectives of these experiments are to illustrate the use of computer software to do simulations of electrical circuits. In order to have a possibility, of comparison with real measurements we will do computer simulations on the circuits that we have already measured in the previous experiment and compare, Apparatus: Pspice or Workbench software Personal computer Software simulations: We are interested in using the operational amplifier (op amp) A741. It is commercially available in the following form: Offset N1 IN IN+ V- 1 2 3 4 NC V+ Vout Offset 8 7 6 5 Fig. 1 In all the following we will use V+=+15V and V-= -15V. 1. Basic Op. Amp circuit adder The following circuit gives the addition of two voltages V1 and V2: R0 R1 V- V1 Vout V2 R2 V+ Fig.2 Where: Vout = - ( Ro R1 V1 + Ro R2 V2 ) EGR 2402 Laboratory Manual (1) 33 a) General characteristics: 1. Set-up this circuit (Fig. 2) using resistors in the range10 to100 KOhm. Print out a copy of it 2. Use a sinusoidal source for V1 with low frequency (f= 200 Hz and small amplitude (V = l V) 3. Set V2= 0 and select the resistors R0 and R1 so that Vout = -3V 4. Record these values of R0 and R1 5. Determine the value of Vout where saturation occurs 6. Vary the input frequency and simultaneously measure Vout and Vin 7. Determine the amplification A given by : Vout Vin A= 8. Record your values in Table I : f (KHz) Vin Vout A 0.2 0.5 1 10 20 50 100 500 9. Plot A as a function of log (f) and discuss the result b) Addition operation: Set R1 = R2 and Equation (1) becomes Vout = Ro ( V1 + V2) R1 (2) 2. Use a Sinusoidal input for V1 3. Use a DC input for V2 4. Measure Vout for different values of V1 and V2 and record your results in Table II: V1 (VAC) V2 (VDC) V1 + V2 2 1 4 1.5 6 3 8 4 10 6 Vout 5. Plot Vout versus (V1 + V2) and determine the addition gain (or slope) Aad 6. Compare Aad to the value obtained from Equation (2) and give the % error II. Basic circuit for difference The following circuit can be used to differentiate two input voltages V1and V2: EGR 2402 Laboratory Manual 34 R0 V- R1 V1 Vout V2 R2 V+ Ro Fig.3 The output voltage is given by: R0 R1 ( (V2 – V1 ) Vout = (3) 1.Set up the circuit in Fig. 3 for simulation and print out a copy of it 2.Use a sinusoidal input for V1 and a DC input for V2 3.Measure Vout for different values of V1 and V2 and record your results in Tahle III V1 (VAC) V2 –V1 V2 (VDC) 2 1 4 1.5 6 3 8 4 10 6 Vout 4. Plot Vout versus (V2 – V1 ), and determine the differential gain (or slope) Ad 5. Compare Ad to the value obtained from Equation (3) and give the % error. 6. What can you say about the simulation? III. Basic circuit for integration: The following circuit is used to perform the integral of an input function Ro C V- R1 Vin Vout V+ Fig.4 The output voltage is given by : Vout = 1 f Vin dt RC (4) a) Square wave input: EGR 2402 Laboratory Manual 35 1. Set up the circuit in Fig. 4 and use Vin as a square wave (2V amplitude) 2. Print out a copy of this circuit with all the necessary parts 3. Choose R, R0, and C so that Vout corresponds to the integral form of Vin 4. Record these value of R, Ro, and C 5. Observe Vin and Vout simultaneously on the screen and print out a copy 6. Compare Vout to Vin and explain what you observed 7. Compare your results with the experimental values b) Sinusoidal input: 1. Use a sine wave as input (2V amplitude) 2. What is the form of Vout? 3. Print out a plot of Vin and Vout on the same graph 4. Change the frequency f of Vin and observe Vout 5. Does the frequency of Vout changes? 6. How does the amplitude of Vout changes with respect to f? 7. Compare to your experimental results IV. Basic circuit for differentiation The following circuit is normally used to differentiate an input function R V- R1 Vin Vout fig.5 The output signal is given by : Vout = - RC dVin dt (5) a) Triangular wave input: 1. Set up the circuit in Fig. 5 and print out a copy of it 2. Use a triangular wave for Vin with amplitude of 2V 3. Choose R so that Vout corresponds to the derivative forrn of Vin and record this value of R and C 4. Print a plot of the observed forms of Vin and Vout on the same graph 5. Compare to your experimental results b) Sinusoidal input: 1. Use a sine wave as input (2V amplitude) 2. What is the form of Vout 3. Print out a plot of Vin and Vout on the same graph 4. Change the frequency of Vin and observe Vout 5. Does the amplitude of Vout changes with f ? 6. Compare to your experimental results Conclusions: 1. Summarize briefly what you have learned in these simulations EGR 2402 Laboratory Manual 36 Experiment # 07 Name: Section: Operational Amplifier Circuit I: Software Simulations I. Basic Op.Amp. Circuit adder: a) General characteristics: 4. The values of R0 and R1 5. The value of Vout where saturation occurs f(KHz) Vin Vout A V2 (VDC) V1 + V2 Vout V1 - V2 Vout 0.2 0.5 10.0 20.0 50.0 100.0 500.0 b) Addition operation : V1 (VAC) 2 1 4 1.5 6 3 8 4 10 6 II Basic circuit for difference V1 (VAC) V2 (VDC) 2 1 4 1.5 6 3 8 4 10 6 a) Square wave input: 4. The values of R, R0 and C EGR 2402 Laboratory Manual 37 5. Plot the observation forms of Vin and Vout (on the same graph) b) Sinusoidal input: 3. Plot the observed forms of Vin and Vout (on the same graph) : IV. Basic circuit for differentiation a) Triangular wave input: 3. The values of R and C 4. Plot the observed forms of Vin and Vout (on the same graph): b) Sinusoidal input: 3. Plot the observed forms of Vin and Vout (on the same graph) EGR 2402 Laboratory Manual 38