Download Rheumatic Heart Disease

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Syahfitri Nur Afifah
Gita Dewi Ristari
Arma Widyanti
Fitroh Rochmadiani
Lenny Latifah U
Rio Firdaus Nur Fathonie
Aristanto Prambudi
Fajar Subarkah
(14700003)
(14700049)
(14700001)
(14700073)
(14700085)
(14700027)
(14700059)
(14700081)
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Rheumatic heart disease is permanent
damage to the heart following rheumatic
fever.
It can lead to heart failure and sometimes the
need for cardiac surgery.
Rheumatic heart disease is the most common
form of heart disease in children in the world.
A case of rheumatic fever can cause the heart
to inflame and leave permanent damage to
the heart, specifically the heart valves.
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Rheumatic fever is caused by a combination of
bacterial infection and immune system
overreaction.
It almost always follows a strep throat
infection, which is an infection of the
respiratory tract caused by bacteria of the
Streptococcus family.
Children are far more likely to get strep throat
than adults.
Normally, Streptococcus causes a cough and a
sore throat, and clears up with antibiotics
This usually happens 2 to 4 weeks after the
streptococcal infection (which may have already
cleared up).
The disease has an affinity for the joints, the
central nervous system (brain and spinal cord),
and the heart.
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In the heart, the disease can affect the inner
lining of the heart including the heart valves
(endocarditis), the muscle of the heart
(myocarditis), or the covering of the heart
(pericarditis).
In the heart, they can permanently damage
heart valves, increasing the risk of heart
problems later in life. Rheumatic fever can also
cause problems with the nervous system that are
usually reversible.
In the heart, they can permanently damage heart
valves, increasing the risk of heart problems
later in life
Rheumatic fever can also cause problems with
the nervous system that are usually reversible.
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Chest pain
Heart palpitations
Breathlessness on exertion
Breathing problems when lying down
Breathlessness on exertion
Breathing problems when lying down
(orthopnoea)
Waking from sleep with the need to sit or stand
up (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea)
Swelling (oedema)
Fainting (syncope)
Stroke Fever associated with infection of
damaged heart valves.
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Physical examination – while a heart murmur may
suggest RHD, many patients with RHD do not
have a murmur
Medical history – including evidence of past ARF
or strep infection
Chest x-ray – to check for enlargement of the
heart or fluid on the lungs
Electrocardiogram (ECG) – to check if the
chambers of the heart have enlarged or if there is
an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
Echocardiogram – to check the heart valves for
any damage or infection and assessing if there is
heart failure. This is the most useful test for
finding out if RHD is present.
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The global burden of disease caused by
rheumatic fever and RHD currently falls
disproportionately on children and young adults
living in low-income countries and is responsible
for about 233,000 deaths annually.
At least 15.6 million people are estimated to be
currently affected by RHD with a significant
number of them requiring repeated
hospitalization and, often unaffordable, heart
surgery in the next five to 20 years.
The worst affected areas are sub-Saharan Africa,
south-central Asia, the Pacific and indigenous
populations of Australia and New Zealand.
Up to 1 per cent of all schoolchildren in Africa,
Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean region, and Latin
America show signs of the disease.
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The heart is a double pump with four chambers.
Each chamber is sealed with a valve.
The valves open and close in one direction only,
so that the blood can not flow backwards.
RHD often involves damage to the heart valves.
Typically, the damaged heart valve cannot open
or shut properly.
This interferes with the proper flow of blood
through the heart.
Without treatment, the damaged valve may
continue to deteriorate.
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Hospital admission to treat heart failure
Antibiotics for infection (especially of the
heart valves)
Blood-thinning medicine to prevent stroke
or thin blood for replacement valves
Balloons inserted through a vein to open
up stuck valves
Heart valve surgery to repair or replace
damaged heart valves.
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Rheumatic heart disease is a complication of
rheumatic fever. So the best way of
preventing rheumatic heart disease is by
preventing episodes of rheumatic fever.
Get regular check-ups at your local health
clinic
Do not ignore a sore throat. Consult your
doctor. Proper treatment of sore throat can
go a long way in preventing the first attack
of rheumatic fever
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Keep sores clean and covered
Wash hands regularly
Watch out for symptoms in children – people
aged between 5 and 14 are most likely to
get rheumatic fever
Because rheumatic fever can affect the heart
it is important not to add further stress to the
heart either by smoking of by being
overweight
Eat a healthy diet