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Download 2. LINKING VERBS A linking verb is a verb that expresses a state of
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The Verb Class Notes A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being. Three kinds of verbs: 1. action verbs 2. linking verbs 3. helping verbs 1. ACTION VERBS An action verb is a verb that expresses either physical or mental activity. Action verbs may be either transitive or intransitive. Examples: Braden threw the baseball to the third baseman. (physical) Cassidy plays volleyball. (physical) I remembered to study for my science test. (mental) My little cousin still believes in the Easter bunny. (mental) 2. LINKING VERBS A linking verb is a verb that expresses a state of being. It connects or links the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject. *** A linking verb NEVER has an object (words that tell who/what received the action of a verb). Linking verbs are always intransitive. Following are lists of linking verbs that need to be memorized! Forms of “BE” am is are was were be being been - the most common verb in the English language has been had been have been will be shall be may be might be can be should be could have been might have been should have been would have been Other Common Linking Verbs: (can be action or linking depending on how they are used in a sentence) appear become feel grow look remain seem smell sound stay taste turn EXAMPLES: I am really tired today. describes I) (am links I with tired; tired Jacob is an honor student. (is links Jacob to student; student identifies what Jacob is) Cody has been angry with his brother for a week. (has been links Cody and angry; angry describes Cody) My friend’s mother was a teacher at a private college. (was links mother to teacher; teacher tells what the mother was) That skunk smells terrible! (smells linking skunk and terrible; terrible is describing the skunk) Gina smelled the burning pie! (smelled is action – Gina is doing something) I feel happy today! (feel is linking I to happy; happy describes I._ Derek felt his way through the dark hallway. (felt is an action verb; Derek is doing something) Linking Verbs and Predicate Words A linking verb links the subject to a noun or adjective in the predicate that identifies or describes the subject. These words are called Subject Complements – which means that they complete the meaning of the subject/verb. There are two kinds of subject complements: the predicate nominative (sometimes called the predicate noun – which can be either a noun or pronoun) and the predicate adjective. S = PN (the subject and predicate nominative are the same thing) EX: My best friend is a top scholar (at her university.) friend = scholar scholar = PN Mr. Carpinello was a track star in high school. Mr. Carpinello = star star = PN Predicate Adjectives – describe the subject in some way EX: Conner looks fidgety today. (fidgety is describing Conner) Faith felt tired after the long weekend of skiing. (tired describes Faith) Courtney is tall and blonde. (tall, blonde describe Courtney) HELPING VERBS A helping verb helps the main verb express action or a state of being. Helping Verbs: Forms of Be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been Forms of Have: have, has, had Forms of Do: do, does, did Forms of May: may, might, must Others: can, could shall, should will, would ***Some verbs can be either helping verbs or main verbs. EX: I have three cats. (main verb) We have seen a coyote near our house. (have is a helping verb) I did all of the work by myself. (main verb) Ben did do his project a week early. (did is a helping verb) A verb phrase contains one main verb and one or more helping verbs. The entire phrase is considered to be one verb. EX: My dog has run away at least three times this month. Pennsylvania has been nicknamed the Keystone State. The game must have been won in overtime. Sometimes a verb phrase is interrupted by another word. Often, the interrupter is an adverb. In a question, however, the interrupter is usually the subject of the sentence. EX: The boys have not completed their science project yet. (Not is an adverb. It is never a part of the verb!) You must always be prepared for class. (always is an adverb.) Did you go to the community center last night? (You is the subject of the sentence/did go is the verb.) Has David ever been to the fair? (David is the subject, has been is the verb, and ever is an adverb interrupter.) I didn’t remember to water my mom’s flowers! (In this sentence, I is the subject, did remember is the verb, and the contraction n’t – which stands for not – is the adverb interrupter.)