Download unicellular prokaryotes

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Essential Question: How do
scientists classify the
different kinds of bacteria?
Standard: compare characteristics of
taxonomic groups including archaea, bacteria
(B8C)
Domains
• Broadest, most inclusive taxon
• Include:
1. Archaea (unicellular prokaryotes)
2. Bacteria (unicellular prokaryotes)
3. Eukarya (eukaryotes)
3 Domains
6 Kingdoms
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Plantae
Fungi
Eukaryota
Animalia
Protista
Some words to know…
• Unicellular: made of one cell
Multicellular: made of two or more
cells
Autotroph: able to produce its own
food
Heterotroph: obtains nutrients from
its environment or other organisms
Domain Bacteria
EUBACTERIA
•
•
•
•
Prokaryotes
Unicellular
Some may cause DISEASE
Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh
ones
• Serve as decomposers in the
environment
• Used in making cottage cheese, yogurt,
buttermilk, etc.
LABEL
THIS!!!
Live in the intestines of animals
copyright cmassengale
9
Cell Phones: The Bacteria Collector
Domain Archaea
ARCHAEABACTERIA
•
•
•
•
•
Prokaryotes
Unicellular
Believed to be the first cells to evolve
Live in HARSH environments
Found in:
– Sewage Treatment Plants (Methanogens)
– Thermal or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles)
– Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid
– Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt
Lake) - Halophiles
ARCHAEAN
copyright cmassengale
13
Organisms in the Eubacteria kingdom are unicellular
prokaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have a membrane bound nucleus or
membrane bound organelles.
Eubacteria are found in all habitats. The cell walls of Eubacteria contain
the chemical peptidoglycan. Some eubacteria remain independent as
single cells and other group into colonies. Eubacteria reproduce
asexually through cell division.
Some eubacteria are autotrophic, making their own food, and
others are heterotrophic, taking in nutrients from their environment.
Eubacteria can cause various diseases, from strep throat to
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, but they can also be very helpful.
Lactobacillus is used to help make foods like cheese and yogurt, and is
also present in the human digestive system. Decomposing organic
matter and cycling nitrogen are also important functions of eubacteria.
Organisms in the Archaebacteria kingdom are unicellular
prokaryotes. They have no membrane bound nucleus or organelles
in their single celled bodies. Archaebacteria are similar in size and
shape to eubacteria.
The cell walls of archaebacteria are different from both
eubacteria and eukaryotes because they do not contain the chemical
peptidoglycan.
Like eubacteria, archaebacteria reproduce asexually through
cell division. They can also be autotrophic, making their own food, or
heterotrophic, obtaining food from their environment, just like
eubacteria.
Some archaebacteria are extremeophiles, living in extreme
environments such as in hot springs, extremely acidic environments,
polar seas, and even in extremely salty water.
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Cell Type?
(Prokaryote or
Eukaryote)
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Unicellular or
Multicellular?
Unicellular
Unicellular
Autotroph or
Heterotroph?
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Cell Wall?
Example
Yes, with
Yes, without
peptidoglycan peptidoglycan
All Habitats
E. coli
Extreme
environments
Fill in the chart using the information from your notes.
After that, “enhance” your chart using the following colors:
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote:
•
•
Color eukaryotic boxes blue
Color prokaryotic boxes
yellow.
Unicellular vs Multicellular:
•
•
•
Color unicellular boxes
purple
Color multicellular boxes
orange
Color the both boxes half
purple and half orange.
Autotroph or Heterotroph:
•
•
•
Color heterotrophic boxes
red
Color autotrophic boxes
green
Color the both boxes half
red and half green.
Cell Wall:
•
•
•
Color the yes boxes grey
Color the no boxes light
blue
Color the both boxes half
grey and half light blue.
Which kingdom am I?
Cases of walking pneumonia are most common
in the late summer and fall. But infections can
occur with no particular pattern throughout
the year. And, even though the disease is
contagious, it spreads slowly. The contagious
period in most cases lasts less than 10 days.
Researchers also think it takes prolonged close
contact with an infected person for someone
else to develop walking pneumonia; still, there
are widespread outbreaks every four to eight
years. When those outbreaks occur, walking
pneumonia can account for as many as one
out of every two cases of pneumonia.
Symptoms include:
•Cough that may come in violent spasms but
produce very little mucus
•Mild flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills
•Sore throat
•Headache
•Tiredness
•Lingering weakness that may persist after other
symptoms go away
•Some people with walking pneumonia may also
have an ear infection, anemia, or a skin rash.
Walking pneumonia
is often the result of a lung
infection from a bacterial
microorganism
called Mycoplasma
pneumoniae.
Halophiles
These are salt-loving
bacteria that grow in
places like the Great Salt
Lake of Utah or salt ponds
on the edge of San
Francisco Bay. Large
numbers of certain
halophiles can turn these
waters a dark pink. Pink
halophiles contain a
pigment very similar to
the rhodopsin in the
human retina. They use
this visual pigment for a
type of photosynthesis
that does not produce
oxygen. Halophiles are
aerobes and perform
aerobic respiration.
The waters of Lake Owens in California
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gonorrhea
Common symptoms in men include
a burning sensation when urinating,
or a white, yellow, or green
discharge from the penis that
usually appears 1 to 14 days after
infection. Most women with
gonorrhea do not have any
symptoms. Even when a woman has
symptoms, they are often mild and
include a painful or burning
sensation when urinating, increased
vaginal discharge, or vaginal
bleeding between periods. Women
with gonorrhea are at risk of
developing serious complications
from the infection, even if
symptoms are not present or are
mild.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease
(STD) caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhea can
grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the
reproductive tract. The bacterium can also grow
in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.
Thermus aquaticus: Thermophiles
These are bacteria from hot springs and other high temperature
environments. Some can grow above the boiling temperature of water.
They are anaerobes, performing anaerobic respiration.
Thermophiles are interesting because they contain genes for heat-stable
enzymes that may be of great value in industry and medicine. An
example is taq polymerase, the gene for which was isolated from a
collection of Thermus aquaticus in a Yellowstone Park hot spring. Taq
polymerase is used to make large numbers of copies of DNA sequences
in a DNA sample. It is invaluable to medicine, biotechnology, and
biological research. Annual sales of taq polymerase are roughly half a
billion dollars.
Treponema pallidum: Syphilis
The appearance of a single sore marks the first (primary)
stage of syphilis symptoms. The sore appears at the
location where syphilis entered the body. The sore is
usually firm, round, and painless. The sore lasts 3 to 6
weeks and heals regardless of whether or not a person is
treated.
Large, raised, gray or white lesions may develop in warm,
moist areas such as the mouth, underarm or groin region.
Sometimes rashes associated with secondary syphilis are
so faint that they are not noticed. Other symptoms include
fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss,
headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue. The
symptoms of secondary syphilis will go away with or
without treatment.
Symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty
coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness,
gradual blindness, and dementia. In the late stages of
syphilis, the disease damages the internal organs,
including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels,
liver, bones, and joints. This damage can result in death.