Download Domains/Kingdoms

1/25/16
Today you will need: Writing Utensil, Bellwork Sheet,
Journal.
Turn in any Extra Credit you did over the weekend.
Bellwork: Make a sketch of the picture. Explain what you
think this is and why.
*When you finish.
Open your Journal and
set up page 2 called
“Domain/Kingdom Notes”.
Answer: This is a colony of bacteria
living on the bristle of a toothbrush! 
Classification: Domains/Kingdoms
Essential Question: How do
biologists classify life on earth into
domains?
Before we get started.
• There are some words we NEED to be familiar
with.
• These words will come up frequently and
understanding them sets the foundation for
this unit.
• HOMEWORK TONIGHT:
Take Cornell Notes over a small section: 1:50 – 5:00
There will be a quiz over the material discussed in that section only.
• Unicellular: made of one cell
• Multicellular: made of two or more cells
• Autotroph: able to produce its own food
• Heterotroph: obtains nutrients from its
environment or other organisms
Quick Recap:
We should all be
familiar with this
Pyramid and how
to navigate
through it.
We
know
that
at
some
point
life
began
on
ArchaeEubacteria
Protistanatural
Fungi selection
Plantae Anamalia
this
planet.
Then,
through
bacteria
and evolution, all life “theoretically”
branched off from this simple organism as the
planet continuously changed.
Archaea
Bacteria
Draw This…
Eukarya
As the planet changed and land spread so did life
ArchaeEubacteria
Protista environments.
Fungi Plantae Anamalia
as
it
adapted
to
newly
created
All
bacteria
life could now be classified into 3 domains.
Draw This…
Archaea
Bacteria
The Three Domains
Eukarya
Archaebacteria
Archaea
Eubacteria
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Eukarya
Plantae Anamalia
The Six
Kindoms
And from these Domains
evolved the six Kingdoms.
Domain Archaea
• The word archaea comes from Ancient Greek meaning "ancient
things“
• Organisms are unicellular prokaryotes
• They have no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• They have cell walls
• Asexual reproduction through cell division (clones).
• Sexual reproduction through bacterial conjugation
• They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Extremeophiles, living in extreme environments
•
•
•
•
Thermophiles (extreme heat)
Halophiles (extreme saltiness)
Acidophiles (extreme acids; low pH levels)
Methanogens produce methane in low oxygen
conditions
Extremophile video!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q
tLJzsRYvaI
You should add 2 interesting facts to
your notes.
Domain Bacteria
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes.
They do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles.
Found in all habitats. They live where YOU do.
Cell walls of Eubacteria contain the chemical peptidoglycan.
May exist as single cells or group into colonies.
Asexual reproduction through cell division (clones).
Sexual reproduction through bacterial conjugation
Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
Can cause various diseases,
strep throat/STD’s
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Can be very helpful.
Lactobacillus is used to help make foods (cheese/yogurt)
present in the human digestive system.
Decompose organic matter and cycle nitrogen
Good bacteria vs bad bacteria!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oInMjTQ8hMQ
You need 2 interesting facts from each video.
Cell Phones: The Bacteria Collector
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Cell Type?
(Prokaryote or Eukaryote)
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Unicellular or
Multicelluar?
Unicellular
Unicellular
Autotroph or
Heterotroph?
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Yes
Yes, with
peptidoglycan
Cell Wall?
Example
E. coli
We’re going to look at some different
bacteria. It’s your job to decide
whether it’s an example of an
archaebacteria or an eubacteria. Write
the name of the bacteria in your
example section.
Cases of walking pneumonia are most common
in the late summer and fall. But infections can
occur with no particular pattern throughout
the year. And, even though the disease is
contagious, it spreads slowly. The contagious
period in most cases lasts less than 10 days.
Researchers also think it takes prolonged close
contact with an infected person for someone
else to develop walking pneumonia; still, there
are widespread outbreaks every four to eight
years. When those outbreaks occur, walking
pneumonia can account for as many as one
out of every two cases of pneumonia.
Symptoms include:
•Cough that may come in violent spasms but
produce very little mucus
•Mild flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills
•Sore throat
•Headache
•Tiredness
•Lingering weakness that may persist after other
symptoms go away
•Some people with walking pneumonia may also
have an ear infection, anemia, or a skin rash.
Walking pneumonia
is often the result of a lung
infection from a bacterial
microorganism
called Mycoplasma
pneumoniae.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gonorrhea
Common symptoms in men include
a burning sensation when urinating,
or a white, yellow, or green
discharge from the penis that
usually appears 1 to 14 days after
infection. Most women with
gonorrhea do not have any
symptoms. Even when a woman has
symptoms, they are often mild and
include a painful or burning
sensation when urinating, increased
vaginal discharge, or vaginal
bleeding between periods. Women
with gonorrhea are at risk of
developing serious complications
from the infection, even if
symptoms are not present or are
mild.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease
(STD) caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhea can
grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the
reproductive tract. The bacterium can also grow
in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.
Halophiles
These are salt-loving
bacteria that grow in
places like the Great Salt
Lake of Utah or salt ponds
on the edge of San
Francisco Bay. Large
numbers of certain
halophiles can turn these
waters a dark pink. Pink
halophiles contain a
pigment very similar to
the rhodopsin in the
human retina. They use
this visual pigment for a
type of photosynthesis
that does not produce
oxygen. Halophiles are
aerobes and perform
aerobic respiration.
The waters of Lake Owens in California
Thermus aquaticus: Thermophiles
These are bacteria from hot springs and other high temperature
environments. Some can grow above the boiling temperature of water.
They are anaerobes, performing anaerobic respiration.
Thermophiles are interesting because they contain genes for heat-stable
enzymes that may be of great value in industry and medicine. An
example is taq polymerase, the gene for which was isolated from a
collection of Thermus aquaticus in a Yellowstone Park hot spring. Taq
polymerase is used to make large numbers of copies of DNA sequences
in a DNA sample. It is invaluable to medicine, biotechnology, and
biological research. Annual sales of taq polymerase are roughly half a
billion dollars.
Treponema pallidum: Syphilis
The appearance of a single sore marks the first (primary)
stage of syphilis symptoms. The sore appears at the
location where syphilis entered the body. The sore is
usually firm, round, and painless. The sore lasts 3 to 6
weeks and heals regardless of whether or not a person is
treated.
Large, raised, gray or white lesions may develop in warm,
moist areas such as the mouth, underarm or groin region.
Sometimes rashes associated with secondary syphilis are
so faint that they are not noticed. Other symptoms include
fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss,
headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue. The
symptoms of secondary syphilis will go away with or
without treatment.
Symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty
coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness,
gradual blindness, and dementia. In the late stages of
syphilis, the disease damages the internal organs,
including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels,
liver, bones, and joints. This damage can result in death.
Fill in the chart using the information from your notes.
After that, “enhance” your chart using the following colors:
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote:
•
•
Color eukaryotic boxes blue
Color prokaryotic boxes
yellow.
Unicellular vs Multicellular:
•
•
•
Color unicellular boxes
purple
Color multicellular boxes
orange
Color the both boxes half
purple and half orange.
Autotroph or Heterotroph:
•
•
•
Color heterotrophic boxes
red
Color autotrophic boxes
green
Color the both boxes half
red and half green.
Cell Wall:
•
•
•
Color the yes boxes grey
Color the no boxes light
blue
Color the both boxes half
grey and half light blue.
Bellwork for 1/26/16
LABEL
THIS!!!